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SOLUTION MANUAL
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
by Roger E. Meiners, Verified Chapters 1 - 22, Complete
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
, =
TABLE OF CONTENTS
➢ Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
➢ Chapter 2. The Court Systems
➢ Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
➢ Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
➢ Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
➢ Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
➢ Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
➢ Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
➢ Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
➢ Chapter 10. Contracts
➢ Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
➢ Chapter 12. Business Organizations
➢ Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
➢ Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
➢ Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
➢ Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
➢ Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
➢ Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
➢ Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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➢ Chapter 20. Antitrust Law
➢ Chapter 21. Environmental Law
➢ Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business
CHAPTER 1
Table of Contents
Answer to Discussion Question ................................................................................................................................. 1
Answers to Case Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ................................................................................................................. 3
Answer to Discussion Question
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speaks
little English and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak
English? Everyone knows criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across
countries and so may be misunderstood by foreigners?
Answer: It ais agenerally atrue athat aignorance aof athe a law ais ano aexcuse. aCitizens aare adeemed ato
ahave aconstructive aknowledge aof athe alaw. aYet, aas awell aknown aas athis arule ais, ait ais
asurprising ahow aoften ait ais aproffered aas aan aexcuse. a(A aWestlaw asearch acases afinds
ahundreds aof aexamples). aExamples ainclude: aDeluco av. aDezi a(Conn. aSuper) a(lack aof
aknowledge aregarding athe astate‘s ausury alaws ais ano aexcuse afor athe ainclusion aof aan aillegal
ainterest arate ain aa asales acontract); aand aPlumlee av. aPaddock a(ignorance aof atheafact athat athe
asubject amatter aof athe acontract awas aillegal awas anot aexcuse). aThe acourts ahave aprovided aa
asmall aexception ato athe arule awhen ait acomes ato apeople ain alack aof aEnglish alanguage askills.
aConsider aFlanery av. aKuska, a(defendant adid anot aspeak aEnglish awas aadvised aby aa afriend athat
aan aanswer ato aa acomplaint awas anot arequired); aRamon av. aDept. aof aTransportation, a(no
aEnglish aand aan ainability ato aunderstand athe alaw arequired afor aan aexcuse); a Yurechko av.
aCounty aof aAllegheny, a(Ignorance aand awith athe afact athat athe amunicipality asuffered ano
ahardship ain alate alawsuit afiling awas aan aexcuse).
Answers ato aCase aQuestions
1. Facts afrom aan aEnglish ajudge’s adecision ain a1884: a“The acrew aof aan aEnglish ayacht were acast
aaway ain
a astorm aon athe ahigh aseas a. a. a. aand awere acompelled ato aput ainto aan aopen aboat. They ahad
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
, =
ano asupply
of awater aand ano asupply aof afood. a. a. a. aThat aon athe aeighteenth aday a. a. a. athey suggested
athat aone
should abe asacrificed ato asave athe arest. a. a. a. aThat anext aday a. a. a. athey a. a. a. awent ato athe aboy
.................................................................................................................................................................................. put aa aknife
into ahis athroat aand akilled ahim a. a. a. athe athree amen afed aupon athe abody of athe aboy afor
afour adays; a[then]
the aboat awas apicked aup aby aa apassing avessel, aand a[they] awere arescued. a. a. a. aand acommitted
afor atrial. a. a. a.
if athe amen ahad anot afed aupon athe abody aof athe aboy athey awould aprobably anot ahave
asurvived ato abe asoapicked aup aand arescued, abut awould have adied aof afamine. aThe aboy,
abeing ain aa amuch aweaker
condition, awas alikely ato ahave adied abefore athem The areal aquestion ain athis acase a[is]
awhether akilling
under athe aconditions aset aforth. be aor abe anot amurder.” aDo ayou aconsider athe aacts ato abe
aimmoral?
[Regina av. aDudley aand aStephens, a14 aQueens aBench aDivision a273 a(1884)]
Answer: aThis apoints aout athat athe alegal asystem ahas alimits. aIts aacceptability ais adictated aby alegal
aculture--whichadetermines awhether alaw awill abe aenforced, aobeyed, aavoided, aor aabused. aIt ais
alimited aby athe ainformal arules aof athe asociety--its acustoms aand avalues. aOne alimit ais athe
aextent ato awhich asociety awill aallow athe aformal arules ato abe aimposed awhen aa acrime ais
acommitted ain aodd acircumstances. aHere athere awas aan aintentional amurder. aDoes athe amotive
afor athe amurder, athe aeffort ato asave aseveral alives aby asacrificing aone
life, amake ait aa acrime athat ashould abe apunished? aNot aall acrimes aare atreated athe asame. a It aalso
araisesaquestions aabout athe adesirability aof anot agiving ajudges aflexibility ain asentencing.
There awas aa aprecedent afor aa alight asentence ain athis acase ain aU.S. alaw: a U.S. av. aHolmes, a20 aF.
aCas. a360 a(No. a15383) a(C.C.E.D. aPa. a1842). aThe acase ainvolved aa asinking aocean aliner. aSeveral
apassengers amadeait ato athe aonly alifeboat, awhich awas afar atoo aovercrowded. aThe acaptain
adecided ato asave athe awomen aand achildren aand athrew aseveral a men aoverboard. aThe alifeboat
a was arescued. a The a grand a jury arefused ato aindict athe acaptain afrom amurder, aonly afor
amanslaughter. aHe agot aa asix amonth asentence.
The aBritish ajudge ain athe acase ahere aimposed athe adeath apenalty aupon athe aperson awho
asurvived. aThe ajudge afound ait adifficult ato arule athat aevery aman aon aboard ahad athe aright
ato amake alaw aby ahis aown ahand.aThe aCrown areduced athe asentence ato asix a months.
2. Smoking ais aa aserious ahealth ahazard. aCigarettes aare alegal. aShould acigarette amanufacturers abe
aliable afor athe aserious aillnesses aand auntimely adeaths acaused aby atheir aunavoidably adangerous
aproducts, aevenathough athey apost aa awarning aon athe apackage aand aconsumers avoluntarily
aassume athe ahealth arisks aby asmoking? a[Cipollone av. aLiggett aGroup, aInc., a505 aU.S. a504
a(1992)]
Answer: aThe ageneral arule athat aexists anow ais athat asince athe agovernment ahas aordered athe
aposting aof awarningalabels aon acigarettes, aand asince athe adangers aof asmoking aare awell
aknown, aconsumers ahave abeen awarned aand aare anot adue acompensation aif a they akill
athemselves aby asmoking. aThe a Cippoline acase, asince areviewed aby athe aSupreme aCourt,
aappears ato abe aof alimited aimpact asince athe a victim awas aadjudged ato ahave abecome aaddicted
ato acigarettes abefore athe awarning alabel awas aordered ain a1964. aIf acigarette amakers awere
aheld aresponsible afor aall ahealth aproblems aassociated awith acigarettes, athen, alike aalcohol aand
aother adangerous aproducts, athe adamages awould alikely abe aso ahigh ait awould aeffectively aban
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
SOLUTION MANUAL
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
by Roger E. Meiners, Verified Chapters 1 - 22, Complete
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
, =
TABLE OF CONTENTS
➢ Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
➢ Chapter 2. The Court Systems
➢ Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
➢ Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
➢ Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
➢ Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
➢ Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
➢ Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
➢ Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
➢ Chapter 10. Contracts
➢ Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
➢ Chapter 12. Business Organizations
➢ Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
➢ Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
➢ Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
➢ Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
➢ Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
➢ Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
➢ Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
, =
➢ Chapter 20. Antitrust Law
➢ Chapter 21. Environmental Law
➢ Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business
CHAPTER 1
Table of Contents
Answer to Discussion Question ................................................................................................................................. 1
Answers to Case Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ................................................................................................................. 3
Answer to Discussion Question
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speaks
little English and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak
English? Everyone knows criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across
countries and so may be misunderstood by foreigners?
Answer: It ais agenerally atrue athat aignorance aof athe a law ais ano aexcuse. aCitizens aare adeemed ato
ahave aconstructive aknowledge aof athe alaw. aYet, aas awell aknown aas athis arule ais, ait ais
asurprising ahow aoften ait ais aproffered aas aan aexcuse. a(A aWestlaw asearch acases afinds
ahundreds aof aexamples). aExamples ainclude: aDeluco av. aDezi a(Conn. aSuper) a(lack aof
aknowledge aregarding athe astate‘s ausury alaws ais ano aexcuse afor athe ainclusion aof aan aillegal
ainterest arate ain aa asales acontract); aand aPlumlee av. aPaddock a(ignorance aof atheafact athat athe
asubject amatter aof athe acontract awas aillegal awas anot aexcuse). aThe acourts ahave aprovided aa
asmall aexception ato athe arule awhen ait acomes ato apeople ain alack aof aEnglish alanguage askills.
aConsider aFlanery av. aKuska, a(defendant adid anot aspeak aEnglish awas aadvised aby aa afriend athat
aan aanswer ato aa acomplaint awas anot arequired); aRamon av. aDept. aof aTransportation, a(no
aEnglish aand aan ainability ato aunderstand athe alaw arequired afor aan aexcuse); a Yurechko av.
aCounty aof aAllegheny, a(Ignorance aand awith athe afact athat athe amunicipality asuffered ano
ahardship ain alate alawsuit afiling awas aan aexcuse).
Answers ato aCase aQuestions
1. Facts afrom aan aEnglish ajudge’s adecision ain a1884: a“The acrew aof aan aEnglish ayacht were acast
aaway ain
a astorm aon athe ahigh aseas a. a. a. aand awere acompelled ato aput ainto aan aopen aboat. They ahad
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
, =
ano asupply
of awater aand ano asupply aof afood. a. a. a. aThat aon athe aeighteenth aday a. a. a. athey suggested
athat aone
should abe asacrificed ato asave athe arest. a. a. a. aThat anext aday a. a. a. athey a. a. a. awent ato athe aboy
.................................................................................................................................................................................. put aa aknife
into ahis athroat aand akilled ahim a. a. a. athe athree amen afed aupon athe abody of athe aboy afor
afour adays; a[then]
the aboat awas apicked aup aby aa apassing avessel, aand a[they] awere arescued. a. a. a. aand acommitted
afor atrial. a. a. a.
if athe amen ahad anot afed aupon athe abody aof athe aboy athey awould aprobably anot ahave
asurvived ato abe asoapicked aup aand arescued, abut awould have adied aof afamine. aThe aboy,
abeing ain aa amuch aweaker
condition, awas alikely ato ahave adied abefore athem The areal aquestion ain athis acase a[is]
awhether akilling
under athe aconditions aset aforth. be aor abe anot amurder.” aDo ayou aconsider athe aacts ato abe
aimmoral?
[Regina av. aDudley aand aStephens, a14 aQueens aBench aDivision a273 a(1884)]
Answer: aThis apoints aout athat athe alegal asystem ahas alimits. aIts aacceptability ais adictated aby alegal
aculture--whichadetermines awhether alaw awill abe aenforced, aobeyed, aavoided, aor aabused. aIt ais
alimited aby athe ainformal arules aof athe asociety--its acustoms aand avalues. aOne alimit ais athe
aextent ato awhich asociety awill aallow athe aformal arules ato abe aimposed awhen aa acrime ais
acommitted ain aodd acircumstances. aHere athere awas aan aintentional amurder. aDoes athe amotive
afor athe amurder, athe aeffort ato asave aseveral alives aby asacrificing aone
life, amake ait aa acrime athat ashould abe apunished? aNot aall acrimes aare atreated athe asame. a It aalso
araisesaquestions aabout athe adesirability aof anot agiving ajudges aflexibility ain asentencing.
There awas aa aprecedent afor aa alight asentence ain athis acase ain aU.S. alaw: a U.S. av. aHolmes, a20 aF.
aCas. a360 a(No. a15383) a(C.C.E.D. aPa. a1842). aThe acase ainvolved aa asinking aocean aliner. aSeveral
apassengers amadeait ato athe aonly alifeboat, awhich awas afar atoo aovercrowded. aThe acaptain
adecided ato asave athe awomen aand achildren aand athrew aseveral a men aoverboard. aThe alifeboat
a was arescued. a The a grand a jury arefused ato aindict athe acaptain afrom amurder, aonly afor
amanslaughter. aHe agot aa asix amonth asentence.
The aBritish ajudge ain athe acase ahere aimposed athe adeath apenalty aupon athe aperson awho
asurvived. aThe ajudge afound ait adifficult ato arule athat aevery aman aon aboard ahad athe aright
ato amake alaw aby ahis aown ahand.aThe aCrown areduced athe asentence ato asix a months.
2. Smoking ais aa aserious ahealth ahazard. aCigarettes aare alegal. aShould acigarette amanufacturers abe
aliable afor athe aserious aillnesses aand auntimely adeaths acaused aby atheir aunavoidably adangerous
aproducts, aevenathough athey apost aa awarning aon athe apackage aand aconsumers avoluntarily
aassume athe ahealth arisks aby asmoking? a[Cipollone av. aLiggett aGroup, aInc., a505 aU.S. a504
a(1992)]
Answer: aThe ageneral arule athat aexists anow ais athat asince athe agovernment ahas aordered athe
aposting aof awarningalabels aon acigarettes, aand asince athe adangers aof asmoking aare awell
aknown, aconsumers ahave abeen awarned aand aare anot adue acompensation aif a they akill
athemselves aby asmoking. aThe a Cippoline acase, asince areviewed aby athe aSupreme aCourt,
aappears ato abe aof alimited aimpact asince athe a victim awas aadjudged ato ahave abecome aaddicted
ato acigarettes abefore athe awarning alabel awas aordered ain a1964. aIf acigarette amakers awere
aheld aresponsible afor aall ahealth aproblems aassociated awith acigarettes, athen, alike aalcohol aand
aother adangerous aproducts, athe adamages awould alikely abe aso ahigh ait awould aeffectively aban
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
