NR565 / Nr 565 Midterm
Study Latest Update
Agonist - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A drug that binds to and activates a receptor. Can be
full, partial or inverse. A full agonist has high efficacy, producing a full response
while occupying a relatively low proportion of receptors. A partial agonist has
lower efficacy than a full agonist. It produces sub-maximal activation even when
occupying the total receptor population, therefore cannot produce the maximal
response, irrespective of the concentration applied. An inverse agonist produces an
effect opposite to that of an agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor binding-site
as an agonist
Alendronate - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Allopurinol - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
,Antagonist - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A drug that attenuates the effect of an agonist.
Can be competitive or non-competitive, each of which can be reversible or
irreversible. A competitive antagonist binds to the same site as the agonist but does
not activate it, thus blocks the agonist's action. A non-competitive antagonist binds
to an allosteric (non-agonist) site on the receptor to prevent activation of the
receptor. A reversible antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor, therefore can
be "washed out". An irreversible antagonist binds covalently to the receptor and
cannot be displaced by either competing ligands or washing.
Anticoagulants - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
antiplatelet agents - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
APRN prescribing role - ✔✔✔ANSWER-Prescriptive authority for nurse
practitioners also regulates prescribing rights beyond medications and controlled
substances. These rights include therapeutic devices and services and are outlined
in state practice laws and regulations and include Durable Medical Equipment
(DME) such as wheelchairs, power scooters, hospital beds, portable oxygen
equipment, handicap placards, etc. and medical services such as Physical Therapy
(PT), Occupational Therapy (OT), home health services, etc. Prescriptive authority
encompasses more than writing a prescription correctly. It requires adherence to
ethical guidelines to ensure that patients are safeguarded from harm. Ethical
prescribing starts with being well-informed about medications. Mechanism of
action, efficacy, and safety are important considerations, as are a patient's distinct
needs and circumstances, including the number of medications prescribed
(Mitchell & Oliphant, 2016). Most patients receiving a prescription are taking
other medications, whether prescription or over-the-counter. Appropriate selection,
dosing, and duration of pharmaceutical agents are key to maximizing outcomes
and minimizing adverse effects
, ARB - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Assessing and Addressing OUD - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Beer's Criteria - ✔✔✔ANSWER-identifies drugs with a high likelihood of
causing adverse effects in older adults. Accordingly, drugs on this list should
generally be avoided in adults older than 65 years except when the benefits are
significantly greater than the risks.
benefits of full practice authority - ✔✔✔ANSWER-Nurse practitioners have
the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and
manage treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight
Beta-blockers - ✔✔✔ANSWER-β blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol) are
first-line drugs for angina of effort, but are not effective against vasospastic angina
β blockers should not be used by patients with sick sinus syndrome, heart failure,
or second-degree or third-degree AV block.
β blockers reduce anginal pain primarily by decreasing cardiac oxygen demand,
principally through blockade of β1 receptors in the heart, which decreases heart
rate and contractility.
Study Latest Update
Agonist - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A drug that binds to and activates a receptor. Can be
full, partial or inverse. A full agonist has high efficacy, producing a full response
while occupying a relatively low proportion of receptors. A partial agonist has
lower efficacy than a full agonist. It produces sub-maximal activation even when
occupying the total receptor population, therefore cannot produce the maximal
response, irrespective of the concentration applied. An inverse agonist produces an
effect opposite to that of an agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor binding-site
as an agonist
Alendronate - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Allopurinol - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
,Antagonist - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A drug that attenuates the effect of an agonist.
Can be competitive or non-competitive, each of which can be reversible or
irreversible. A competitive antagonist binds to the same site as the agonist but does
not activate it, thus blocks the agonist's action. A non-competitive antagonist binds
to an allosteric (non-agonist) site on the receptor to prevent activation of the
receptor. A reversible antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor, therefore can
be "washed out". An irreversible antagonist binds covalently to the receptor and
cannot be displaced by either competing ligands or washing.
Anticoagulants - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
antiplatelet agents - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
APRN prescribing role - ✔✔✔ANSWER-Prescriptive authority for nurse
practitioners also regulates prescribing rights beyond medications and controlled
substances. These rights include therapeutic devices and services and are outlined
in state practice laws and regulations and include Durable Medical Equipment
(DME) such as wheelchairs, power scooters, hospital beds, portable oxygen
equipment, handicap placards, etc. and medical services such as Physical Therapy
(PT), Occupational Therapy (OT), home health services, etc. Prescriptive authority
encompasses more than writing a prescription correctly. It requires adherence to
ethical guidelines to ensure that patients are safeguarded from harm. Ethical
prescribing starts with being well-informed about medications. Mechanism of
action, efficacy, and safety are important considerations, as are a patient's distinct
needs and circumstances, including the number of medications prescribed
(Mitchell & Oliphant, 2016). Most patients receiving a prescription are taking
other medications, whether prescription or over-the-counter. Appropriate selection,
dosing, and duration of pharmaceutical agents are key to maximizing outcomes
and minimizing adverse effects
, ARB - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Assessing and Addressing OUD - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
Beer's Criteria - ✔✔✔ANSWER-identifies drugs with a high likelihood of
causing adverse effects in older adults. Accordingly, drugs on this list should
generally be avoided in adults older than 65 years except when the benefits are
significantly greater than the risks.
benefits of full practice authority - ✔✔✔ANSWER-Nurse practitioners have
the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and
manage treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight
Beta-blockers - ✔✔✔ANSWER-β blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol) are
first-line drugs for angina of effort, but are not effective against vasospastic angina
β blockers should not be used by patients with sick sinus syndrome, heart failure,
or second-degree or third-degree AV block.
β blockers reduce anginal pain primarily by decreasing cardiac oxygen demand,
principally through blockade of β1 receptors in the heart, which decreases heart
rate and contractility.
