NTR 555 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2 Compartment Model - Answer -A method of estimated body composition using fat
mass and fat free mass
3 Component Model - Answer -Accounts for individual differences in hydration by
including fat mass but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry
mass
4 Component Model - Answer -With the development of techniques for measuring bone
mineral, fat-free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the
residual.
Underwater Weighing - Answer -A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the
individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water.
The difference between the two weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat
is less dense than water, therefore the person with more fat will be more buoyant and
weigh less underwater
BodPod - Answer -A device used to measure the density of the body based on the
volume of air displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - Answer -A procedure for assessing body composition in which
an electrical current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through
the tissues reflects the relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high
resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - Answer -assessment of body composition that measures
subcutaneous body fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures
thickness of a fold with calipers at different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - Answer -A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily
energy expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the
consumption of water that is labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and
oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath while C is lost only in water. Therefore, the
difference between the two measurements is the carbon dioxide production rate.
3-methylhistidine - Answer --somatic Protein Assessment
-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement
period.
, Bariatric Surgery - Answer -surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished
by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach
through gastric bypass surgery
Physical Fitness - Answer -the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough
reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - Answer -a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and
metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - Answer -enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils
after resistance training
Telomers - Answer -nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against
gene loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - Answer -estimates resting energy needs, considers height,
weight, age, and gender
Sarcopenia - Answer -the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with
aging. Also known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - Answer -CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is
classified as an acute phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response
to inflammation.
ESR is a less specific test used to indicate inflammation in the body.
Hypoglycemia - Answer -abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
Homeostatic Hunger - Answer -Motivation to eat based on the body's need for energy.
Hedonic Hunger - Answer -Hunger that arises from the anticipated pleasure of eating
good food. Incorporates motivational (reward), cognitive, and emotional influences on
eating.
Anabolic Steroid - Answer -a synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is
used to promote muscle development
Energy Balance - Answer -the relationship between energy intake and energy
expenditure
Proximate Analysis - Answer -A system of analysis used to determine the total
composition of nutrients in feed. Compounds in feed are divided into six categories
based on the chemical properties of the compounds. The six categories are:
moisture
2 Compartment Model - Answer -A method of estimated body composition using fat
mass and fat free mass
3 Component Model - Answer -Accounts for individual differences in hydration by
including fat mass but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry
mass
4 Component Model - Answer -With the development of techniques for measuring bone
mineral, fat-free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the
residual.
Underwater Weighing - Answer -A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the
individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water.
The difference between the two weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat
is less dense than water, therefore the person with more fat will be more buoyant and
weigh less underwater
BodPod - Answer -A device used to measure the density of the body based on the
volume of air displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - Answer -A procedure for assessing body composition in which
an electrical current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through
the tissues reflects the relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high
resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - Answer -assessment of body composition that measures
subcutaneous body fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures
thickness of a fold with calipers at different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - Answer -A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily
energy expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the
consumption of water that is labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and
oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath while C is lost only in water. Therefore, the
difference between the two measurements is the carbon dioxide production rate.
3-methylhistidine - Answer --somatic Protein Assessment
-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement
period.
, Bariatric Surgery - Answer -surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished
by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach
through gastric bypass surgery
Physical Fitness - Answer -the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough
reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - Answer -a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and
metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - Answer -enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils
after resistance training
Telomers - Answer -nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against
gene loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - Answer -estimates resting energy needs, considers height,
weight, age, and gender
Sarcopenia - Answer -the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with
aging. Also known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - Answer -CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is
classified as an acute phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response
to inflammation.
ESR is a less specific test used to indicate inflammation in the body.
Hypoglycemia - Answer -abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
Homeostatic Hunger - Answer -Motivation to eat based on the body's need for energy.
Hedonic Hunger - Answer -Hunger that arises from the anticipated pleasure of eating
good food. Incorporates motivational (reward), cognitive, and emotional influences on
eating.
Anabolic Steroid - Answer -a synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is
used to promote muscle development
Energy Balance - Answer -the relationship between energy intake and energy
expenditure
Proximate Analysis - Answer -A system of analysis used to determine the total
composition of nutrients in feed. Compounds in feed are divided into six categories
based on the chemical properties of the compounds. The six categories are:
moisture
