DEP 2000 EXAM 1 | SOLVED
QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS
proximodistal principle - Answer- The principle that development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
Principle of hierarchical integration - Answer- The principle that simple skills typically
develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills
Marasmus - Answer- A disease in which infants stop growing
Kwashiorkor - Answer- A disease in which the child's stomach, limbs, and face swell
with water
Assimilation - Answer- The process by which people understand an experience based
on what they already know (a kid seeing a squirrel fly might call it a bird)
Accommodation - Answer- Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response
to encounters with new stimuli or events (calling the flying squirrel a "bird with a tail")
Schemes - Answer- Organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with
mental development
infantile amnesia - Answer- The lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to 3
years of age
Substage 1: Simple reflexes - Answer- (First month of life)
During this period, the various reflexes that determine the infant's interactions with the
world are at the center of it's cognitive life.
For example; the sucking reflex causes the infant to suck at anything placed in its lips
Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions - Answer- (1-4 months)
At this age, infants begin to coordinate what were separate actions into single,
integrated activities
For example; an infant might combine grasping an object with sucking on it
Substage 3: secondary circular reactions - Answer- (4-8 months)
During this period, infants take major strides in shifting their cognitive horizons beyond
themselves and begin to act on the outside world
For example; A child who repeatedly picks up a rattle and shakes it in different ways to
see how the sound changes
Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions - Answer- (8-12 months)
, In this stage, infants begin to use more calculated approaches to producing events,
coordinating several schemes to generate a single act. They achieve object
performance
For example; an infant will push one toy out of the way to reach for another one lying
partially exposed under it
Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions - Answer- (12-18 months)
At this age, infants develop what Piaget regards as the deliberate variation of actions
that bring desirable consequences
For example; a child will drop a toy repeatedly, varying the position from which he drops
it, carefully observing each time to see where it falls
Substage 6: Beginnings of Thought - Answer- (18 months- 2 years)
The major achievement of substage 6 is the capacity for mental representation, or
symbolic thought. Piaget argued that only at this age can infants imagine where objects
that they cannot see might be.
For example; if a ball rolls under a piece of furniture they can figure out where it is likely
to come out of the other side
meconium - Answer- first stool of the newborn (greenish-black)
Neonatal jaundice - Answer- (Also known as hyperbilirubinemia) is a higher-than-normal
level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of red blood
cells, this condition can cause a yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the
eyes.
Phonemes - Answer- smallest unit of sound
Example: /k/ which occurs in cat, skit, kit
Morphemes - Answer- The smallest units of meaning in a language.
Example: -s for plural and -ed for past tense
Semantics - Answer- the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences
For example "last stop" and "destination" technically mean the same thing but there's
differences in their meanings
telegraphic speech - Answer- early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram
For example instead of saying "i put on my shoes" a child might say "shoes on"
Phonology - Answer- Basic sounds of language that can be combined to produce words
and sentences
LAD - Answer- Language Acquisition Device
-Chomsky proposed children are born with an understanding of the rules of language
they simply need to acquire the vocabulary
QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS
proximodistal principle - Answer- The principle that development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
Principle of hierarchical integration - Answer- The principle that simple skills typically
develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills
Marasmus - Answer- A disease in which infants stop growing
Kwashiorkor - Answer- A disease in which the child's stomach, limbs, and face swell
with water
Assimilation - Answer- The process by which people understand an experience based
on what they already know (a kid seeing a squirrel fly might call it a bird)
Accommodation - Answer- Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response
to encounters with new stimuli or events (calling the flying squirrel a "bird with a tail")
Schemes - Answer- Organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with
mental development
infantile amnesia - Answer- The lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to 3
years of age
Substage 1: Simple reflexes - Answer- (First month of life)
During this period, the various reflexes that determine the infant's interactions with the
world are at the center of it's cognitive life.
For example; the sucking reflex causes the infant to suck at anything placed in its lips
Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions - Answer- (1-4 months)
At this age, infants begin to coordinate what were separate actions into single,
integrated activities
For example; an infant might combine grasping an object with sucking on it
Substage 3: secondary circular reactions - Answer- (4-8 months)
During this period, infants take major strides in shifting their cognitive horizons beyond
themselves and begin to act on the outside world
For example; A child who repeatedly picks up a rattle and shakes it in different ways to
see how the sound changes
Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions - Answer- (8-12 months)
, In this stage, infants begin to use more calculated approaches to producing events,
coordinating several schemes to generate a single act. They achieve object
performance
For example; an infant will push one toy out of the way to reach for another one lying
partially exposed under it
Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions - Answer- (12-18 months)
At this age, infants develop what Piaget regards as the deliberate variation of actions
that bring desirable consequences
For example; a child will drop a toy repeatedly, varying the position from which he drops
it, carefully observing each time to see where it falls
Substage 6: Beginnings of Thought - Answer- (18 months- 2 years)
The major achievement of substage 6 is the capacity for mental representation, or
symbolic thought. Piaget argued that only at this age can infants imagine where objects
that they cannot see might be.
For example; if a ball rolls under a piece of furniture they can figure out where it is likely
to come out of the other side
meconium - Answer- first stool of the newborn (greenish-black)
Neonatal jaundice - Answer- (Also known as hyperbilirubinemia) is a higher-than-normal
level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of red blood
cells, this condition can cause a yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the
eyes.
Phonemes - Answer- smallest unit of sound
Example: /k/ which occurs in cat, skit, kit
Morphemes - Answer- The smallest units of meaning in a language.
Example: -s for plural and -ed for past tense
Semantics - Answer- the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences
For example "last stop" and "destination" technically mean the same thing but there's
differences in their meanings
telegraphic speech - Answer- early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram
For example instead of saying "i put on my shoes" a child might say "shoes on"
Phonology - Answer- Basic sounds of language that can be combined to produce words
and sentences
LAD - Answer- Language Acquisition Device
-Chomsky proposed children are born with an understanding of the rules of language
they simply need to acquire the vocabulary
