CLINICAL MANIFESTATION &
ASSESSMENT EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Explain crackles in an individuals lungs. - ANS - heard typically on respiration
- high-pitch, fine & short (sibilant)
- low-pitch, coarse, & longer (sonorous)
- alveoli "popping" open
*pneumonia*
Explain wheezes in an individuals lungs. - ANS - continuous high-pitched, musical sound
(whistle)
- inspiration or expiration
- longer & higher the pitch; worse the obstruction
- bilateral (asthma, bronchitis)
- unilateral (foreign body)
Explain rhonchi in an individuals lungs. - ANS - deep, rumbling, prolonged
- obstructed airway by thick secretions, tumor, muscular spasms, or external pressure
- tend to disappear after coughing
1
- expiration component
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, *bronchitis*
Explain friction rub in an individuals lungs. - ANS outside respiratory tree
- crackly, grating, dry, low-pitched
- inspiration & expiration
- holding breath and goes away (lungs) *pleurisy*
- holding breath and does not go away (heart) *pericardium*
Explain tactile fremitus in an individuals lungs. - ANS palpable vibration of the chest wall that
results from speech or other verbalizations
- indicates inflamed lung tissue
*if louder in lungs than voice, there is fluid in the lungs*
Explain vocal resonance in an individuals lung - ANS "eee....." sounds like "aaa......" fluid in
lungs
"99....99...99..." sounds louder in lungs than person voice, fluid in lungs
Explain stridor in an individuals lung - ANS high-pitched, piercing sound, inspiration
What is the first stage (M1) of breast development? - ANS only the nipple is raised above the
level of the breast
What is the second stage (M2) of breast development? - ANS budding; bud-shaped elevation
of the areola
What is the third stage (M3) of breast development? - ANS breast and areola enlarged; no
2
contour separation
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, What is the fourth stage (M4) of breast development? - ANS increasing fat deposits; areola
forms a secondary elevation above that of the breast. occurs in half of all girls and in some
cases persists in adulthood
What is the fifth stage (M5) of breast development? - ANS adult stage; the areola is part of
general breast contour and is strongly pigmented. nipple projects
What is the first stage (P1) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 1; no growth
of pubic hair; preadolescent
What is the second stage (P2) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS Tanner 2; initial,
scarcely pigmented straight hair, along medial border of the labia
What is the third stage (P3) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 3; sparse,
dark, visibly pigmented curly pubic hair on labia
What is the fourth stage (P4) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 4; hair
coarse and curly, abundant but less than adult
What is the fifth stage (P5) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 5; lateral
spreading; type and triangle spread of adult hair to medial surface of thighs
What is the sixth stage (P6) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 6; further
extension laterally; upward, or dispersed (occurs only in 10% of women)
What is the first stage (G1) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? - ANS tanner
1; testes, scrotum, and penis size are the same size and shape as in the young child
3
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, What is the second stage (G2) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 2; enlargement of scrotum and testes. the skin of scrotum becomes redder,
thinner and wrinkled. penis no later or scarcely so.
What is the third stage (G3) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 3; enlargement of the penis; especially in the length; further enlargement of
testes; descent of scrotum
What is the fourth stage (G4) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 4; continued enlargement of the penis and sculpturing of the glans; increased
pigmentation of scrotum. this stage is sometimes best described as "not quite adult"
What is the fifth stage (G5) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? - ANS tanner
5; adult stage; scrotum ample, penis reaching nearing to bottom of scrotum
What is a parameter of growth calculated by charting changes in height over a time interval? -
ANS velocity
What are nutrients required by the body in large amounts (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) -
ANS macronutrients
What is nonnutritive eating? - ANS pica
What is a marker used to determine a child's pubertal development? - ANS sexual maturity
rating
What is an assessment tool that evaluates six physical and six neuromuscular characteristics
within 36 hours of both to establish or confirm the newborns gestational age? - ANS ballard
4
gestational age assessment
Page
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ASSESSMENT EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Explain crackles in an individuals lungs. - ANS - heard typically on respiration
- high-pitch, fine & short (sibilant)
- low-pitch, coarse, & longer (sonorous)
- alveoli "popping" open
*pneumonia*
Explain wheezes in an individuals lungs. - ANS - continuous high-pitched, musical sound
(whistle)
- inspiration or expiration
- longer & higher the pitch; worse the obstruction
- bilateral (asthma, bronchitis)
- unilateral (foreign body)
Explain rhonchi in an individuals lungs. - ANS - deep, rumbling, prolonged
- obstructed airway by thick secretions, tumor, muscular spasms, or external pressure
- tend to disappear after coughing
1
- expiration component
Page
@COPYRIGHT SIRJOEL 2025/2026
, *bronchitis*
Explain friction rub in an individuals lungs. - ANS outside respiratory tree
- crackly, grating, dry, low-pitched
- inspiration & expiration
- holding breath and goes away (lungs) *pleurisy*
- holding breath and does not go away (heart) *pericardium*
Explain tactile fremitus in an individuals lungs. - ANS palpable vibration of the chest wall that
results from speech or other verbalizations
- indicates inflamed lung tissue
*if louder in lungs than voice, there is fluid in the lungs*
Explain vocal resonance in an individuals lung - ANS "eee....." sounds like "aaa......" fluid in
lungs
"99....99...99..." sounds louder in lungs than person voice, fluid in lungs
Explain stridor in an individuals lung - ANS high-pitched, piercing sound, inspiration
What is the first stage (M1) of breast development? - ANS only the nipple is raised above the
level of the breast
What is the second stage (M2) of breast development? - ANS budding; bud-shaped elevation
of the areola
What is the third stage (M3) of breast development? - ANS breast and areola enlarged; no
2
contour separation
Page
@COPYRIGHT SIRJOEL 2025/2026
, What is the fourth stage (M4) of breast development? - ANS increasing fat deposits; areola
forms a secondary elevation above that of the breast. occurs in half of all girls and in some
cases persists in adulthood
What is the fifth stage (M5) of breast development? - ANS adult stage; the areola is part of
general breast contour and is strongly pigmented. nipple projects
What is the first stage (P1) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 1; no growth
of pubic hair; preadolescent
What is the second stage (P2) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS Tanner 2; initial,
scarcely pigmented straight hair, along medial border of the labia
What is the third stage (P3) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 3; sparse,
dark, visibly pigmented curly pubic hair on labia
What is the fourth stage (P4) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 4; hair
coarse and curly, abundant but less than adult
What is the fifth stage (P5) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 5; lateral
spreading; type and triangle spread of adult hair to medial surface of thighs
What is the sixth stage (P6) of pubic hair development in females? - ANS tanner 6; further
extension laterally; upward, or dispersed (occurs only in 10% of women)
What is the first stage (G1) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? - ANS tanner
1; testes, scrotum, and penis size are the same size and shape as in the young child
3
Page
@COPYRIGHT SIRJOEL 2025/2026
, What is the second stage (G2) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 2; enlargement of scrotum and testes. the skin of scrotum becomes redder,
thinner and wrinkled. penis no later or scarcely so.
What is the third stage (G3) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 3; enlargement of the penis; especially in the length; further enlargement of
testes; descent of scrotum
What is the fourth stage (G4) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? -
ANS tanner 4; continued enlargement of the penis and sculpturing of the glans; increased
pigmentation of scrotum. this stage is sometimes best described as "not quite adult"
What is the fifth stage (G5) of penis and testes/scrotum development in males? - ANS tanner
5; adult stage; scrotum ample, penis reaching nearing to bottom of scrotum
What is a parameter of growth calculated by charting changes in height over a time interval? -
ANS velocity
What are nutrients required by the body in large amounts (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) -
ANS macronutrients
What is nonnutritive eating? - ANS pica
What is a marker used to determine a child's pubertal development? - ANS sexual maturity
rating
What is an assessment tool that evaluates six physical and six neuromuscular characteristics
within 36 hours of both to establish or confirm the newborns gestational age? - ANS ballard
4
gestational age assessment
Page
@COPYRIGHT SIRJOEL 2025/2026
