API 571 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The Best way to prevent 885°F embrittlement is to use low ____ alloys, or to avoid
exposing the susceptible material to the embrittlement range.
A. Austenite
B. Martensite
C. Ferrite
D. Chromium - Answer -C
The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the ___ of the components are
critical factors in vibration-induced fatigue.
A. Velocity
B. Temperature
C. Fatigue resistance
D. Material properties - Answer -C
The most important factors affecting graphitization are the chemistry, stress,
temperature and ______.
A. Velocity
B. Time at exposure
C. Pressure
D. Ductility - Answer -B
Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment operating above the ________.
Fired heater tubes and components, Catalytic reactors, FCC reactors and FCC
fractionator and regenerator internals all operate in or near this.
A. Transition range
B. MADT
C. Creep range
D. None of the above - Answer -C
Amine stress corrosion cracking is most often associated with lean amine services. The
pure alkanolamine does not cause cracking. Cracking in rich amine services are most
often associated with _________ problems.
A. H²S
B. Stress
C. Wet H²S
D. Temperature - Answer -C
The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is usually accompanied by a(n)
_________ in ductility, which allows for deformation at stress concentration.
,A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Reduction
D. Yield - Answer -A
Which of the following materials is not susceptible to high temperature hydrogen attack?
A. 300 Series SS
B. 5Cr-1Mo
C. 9Cr-1Mo
D. All of the above - Answer -D
Which of these materials are susceptible to creep damage?
A. Carbon Steel
B. Stainless Steel
C. Low alloy steel
D. All of the above - Answer -D
Cavitation is best prevented by avoiding conditions that allow the absolute pressure to
fall below the _____ of the liquid or by changing the material properties.
A. Minimum pressure
B. Pressure/Vapor ratio
C. Maximum pressure
D. Vapor pressure - Answer -D
Hardness levels above _________ are highly susceptible to hydrogen stress cracking
(HF). Time-to-failure decreases as the hardness increases.
A. 225 BHN
B. 237 BHN
C. 241 BHN
D. 247 BHN - Answer -B
_________ are the most common type of equipment susceptible to carburization in the
refining industry.
A. Reactors
B. Heat exchanges
C. Heater tubes
D. Fin Fans - Answer -C
,Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including inorganic substances (Sulfur,
H²S), and organic substances (Hydrocarbons, Organic acids). In addition, all organisms
require a source of carbon, nitrogen and ____ for growth.
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Manganese
D. Phosphorous - Answer -D
In design and fabrication, it is advisable to avoid sharp changes in cross section, such
as short radius fillets or undercut that can give rise to _________.
Long-seam welds are particularly susceptible to reheat cracking due to mismatch
caused by fit up problems.
A. Stress concentrations
B. Cracking
C. Circumferential stress
D. All of the above - Answer -A
High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated
temperature and pressures. The hydrogen react with _________ in steel to produce
_______, which cannot diffuse through steel. The loss of carbides causes an overall
loss in strength.
A. Carbides, oxygen
B. Alloys, hydrogen dioxide
C. Carbides, methane
D. Hydrogen dioxide, H²S - Answer -C
Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in ________ applications.
A. Non-pressure boundary
B. Pressure boundary
C. High temperature
D. Low temperature - Answer -B
Stress ruptures are characterized by _________ failures and are usually accompanied
by thinning at the fracture surface.
A. Rapid
B. Fish-mouth
C. Tensile
D. None of the above - Answer -B
, With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase with ________ temperatures
and ________ HF concentrations.
A. Increasing, decreasing
B. Decreasing, increasing
C. Increasing, increasing
D. Decreasing, decreasing - Answer -A
Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO² corrosion?
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Duplex stainless steel
D. Both B and C - Answer -A
Steel hardness, ________ and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogen stress
cracking.
A. Temperature
B. Alloy composition
C. Strength
D. None of the above - Answer -C
If the BHN is 400-500 it may indicate __________.
A. Carburization
B. Hydriding
C. Temper embrittlement
D. Caustic embrittlement - Answer -B
The graphitization rate ___________ with increasing temperature.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stops
D. Proceeds - Answer -A
The level of creep damage is a function of the material and the coincident _______ level
at which the creep deformation occurs.
A. Pressure/Temperature
B. Pressure/Stress
C. Temperature/Stress
D. None of the above - Answer -C
Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as ______ or _____.
The Best way to prevent 885°F embrittlement is to use low ____ alloys, or to avoid
exposing the susceptible material to the embrittlement range.
A. Austenite
B. Martensite
C. Ferrite
D. Chromium - Answer -C
The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the ___ of the components are
critical factors in vibration-induced fatigue.
A. Velocity
B. Temperature
C. Fatigue resistance
D. Material properties - Answer -C
The most important factors affecting graphitization are the chemistry, stress,
temperature and ______.
A. Velocity
B. Time at exposure
C. Pressure
D. Ductility - Answer -B
Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment operating above the ________.
Fired heater tubes and components, Catalytic reactors, FCC reactors and FCC
fractionator and regenerator internals all operate in or near this.
A. Transition range
B. MADT
C. Creep range
D. None of the above - Answer -C
Amine stress corrosion cracking is most often associated with lean amine services. The
pure alkanolamine does not cause cracking. Cracking in rich amine services are most
often associated with _________ problems.
A. H²S
B. Stress
C. Wet H²S
D. Temperature - Answer -C
The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is usually accompanied by a(n)
_________ in ductility, which allows for deformation at stress concentration.
,A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Reduction
D. Yield - Answer -A
Which of the following materials is not susceptible to high temperature hydrogen attack?
A. 300 Series SS
B. 5Cr-1Mo
C. 9Cr-1Mo
D. All of the above - Answer -D
Which of these materials are susceptible to creep damage?
A. Carbon Steel
B. Stainless Steel
C. Low alloy steel
D. All of the above - Answer -D
Cavitation is best prevented by avoiding conditions that allow the absolute pressure to
fall below the _____ of the liquid or by changing the material properties.
A. Minimum pressure
B. Pressure/Vapor ratio
C. Maximum pressure
D. Vapor pressure - Answer -D
Hardness levels above _________ are highly susceptible to hydrogen stress cracking
(HF). Time-to-failure decreases as the hardness increases.
A. 225 BHN
B. 237 BHN
C. 241 BHN
D. 247 BHN - Answer -B
_________ are the most common type of equipment susceptible to carburization in the
refining industry.
A. Reactors
B. Heat exchanges
C. Heater tubes
D. Fin Fans - Answer -C
,Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including inorganic substances (Sulfur,
H²S), and organic substances (Hydrocarbons, Organic acids). In addition, all organisms
require a source of carbon, nitrogen and ____ for growth.
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Manganese
D. Phosphorous - Answer -D
In design and fabrication, it is advisable to avoid sharp changes in cross section, such
as short radius fillets or undercut that can give rise to _________.
Long-seam welds are particularly susceptible to reheat cracking due to mismatch
caused by fit up problems.
A. Stress concentrations
B. Cracking
C. Circumferential stress
D. All of the above - Answer -A
High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated
temperature and pressures. The hydrogen react with _________ in steel to produce
_______, which cannot diffuse through steel. The loss of carbides causes an overall
loss in strength.
A. Carbides, oxygen
B. Alloys, hydrogen dioxide
C. Carbides, methane
D. Hydrogen dioxide, H²S - Answer -C
Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in ________ applications.
A. Non-pressure boundary
B. Pressure boundary
C. High temperature
D. Low temperature - Answer -B
Stress ruptures are characterized by _________ failures and are usually accompanied
by thinning at the fracture surface.
A. Rapid
B. Fish-mouth
C. Tensile
D. None of the above - Answer -B
, With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase with ________ temperatures
and ________ HF concentrations.
A. Increasing, decreasing
B. Decreasing, increasing
C. Increasing, increasing
D. Decreasing, decreasing - Answer -A
Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO² corrosion?
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Duplex stainless steel
D. Both B and C - Answer -A
Steel hardness, ________ and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogen stress
cracking.
A. Temperature
B. Alloy composition
C. Strength
D. None of the above - Answer -C
If the BHN is 400-500 it may indicate __________.
A. Carburization
B. Hydriding
C. Temper embrittlement
D. Caustic embrittlement - Answer -B
The graphitization rate ___________ with increasing temperature.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stops
D. Proceeds - Answer -A
The level of creep damage is a function of the material and the coincident _______ level
at which the creep deformation occurs.
A. Pressure/Temperature
B. Pressure/Stress
C. Temperature/Stress
D. None of the above - Answer -C
Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as ______ or _____.
