MSN 570 – ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ 50 Questions and Answers
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
1. Which of the following best describes nephrotic syndrome?
A. Associated with massive hematuria and inflammation
B. Characterized by massive proteinuria due to glomerular damage, treated mainly with
corticosteroids
C. Always caused by bacterial infection of the kidney
D. Primarily a result of obstructive uropathy
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder with massive protein loss in urine
due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is often managed with corticosteroids. It is
associated with glomerulonephritis and involves a noninflammatory immune response.
2. Lesions involving more than 50% of all glomeruli are termed:
A. Segmental
B. Focal
C. Diffuse
D. Global
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Diffuse glomerular injury involves all or most (>50%) of the glomeruli. In
contrast, focal lesions affect fewer than 50% of glomeruli.
3. Lesions affecting only part of a single glomerulus are called:
A. Focal
B. Global
, C. Segmental
D. Diffuse
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Segmental injury means less than 50% of a single glomerulus is affected.
Global lesions involve the entire glomerulus.
4. Which statement about glomerulonephritis is correct?
A. It is always a noninflammatory condition
B. It results from activation of immune mechanisms causing inflammation
C. It is caused by obstruction of the ureters
D. It always leads to nephrotic syndrome
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, often
immune-mediated.
5. Which is NOT a feature of nephritic syndrome?
A. RBC casts in urine
B. Oliguria and azotemia
C. Massive proteinuria without inflammation
D. Salt retention with periorbital edema
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Nephritic syndrome involves inflammation, RBC casts, and mild to moderate
proteinuria, not the massive proteinuria typical of nephrotic syndrome.
6. The term "proliferative" in glomerular histology refers to:
A. Increase in glomerular cells
B. Scar tissue formation
C. Necrosis of glomerular cells
D. Fibrosis between tubules and glomeruli
Answer: A
EXPLANATION: Proliferative describes an increase in cells (mesangial, endothelial, or
epithelial), sometimes forming crescents in the Bowman space.
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ 50 Questions and Answers
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
1. Which of the following best describes nephrotic syndrome?
A. Associated with massive hematuria and inflammation
B. Characterized by massive proteinuria due to glomerular damage, treated mainly with
corticosteroids
C. Always caused by bacterial infection of the kidney
D. Primarily a result of obstructive uropathy
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder with massive protein loss in urine
due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is often managed with corticosteroids. It is
associated with glomerulonephritis and involves a noninflammatory immune response.
2. Lesions involving more than 50% of all glomeruli are termed:
A. Segmental
B. Focal
C. Diffuse
D. Global
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Diffuse glomerular injury involves all or most (>50%) of the glomeruli. In
contrast, focal lesions affect fewer than 50% of glomeruli.
3. Lesions affecting only part of a single glomerulus are called:
A. Focal
B. Global
, C. Segmental
D. Diffuse
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Segmental injury means less than 50% of a single glomerulus is affected.
Global lesions involve the entire glomerulus.
4. Which statement about glomerulonephritis is correct?
A. It is always a noninflammatory condition
B. It results from activation of immune mechanisms causing inflammation
C. It is caused by obstruction of the ureters
D. It always leads to nephrotic syndrome
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, often
immune-mediated.
5. Which is NOT a feature of nephritic syndrome?
A. RBC casts in urine
B. Oliguria and azotemia
C. Massive proteinuria without inflammation
D. Salt retention with periorbital edema
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Nephritic syndrome involves inflammation, RBC casts, and mild to moderate
proteinuria, not the massive proteinuria typical of nephrotic syndrome.
6. The term "proliferative" in glomerular histology refers to:
A. Increase in glomerular cells
B. Scar tissue formation
C. Necrosis of glomerular cells
D. Fibrosis between tubules and glomeruli
Answer: A
EXPLANATION: Proliferative describes an increase in cells (mesangial, endothelial, or
epithelial), sometimes forming crescents in the Bowman space.
