BIOL230 Final Review QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What process occurs when amino acids bond to build new proteins? a) differentiation b)
responsiveness c) anabolism d) catabolism - ✔✔c) anabolism The two organ systems that
predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the a) cardiovascular and
respiratory systems b) nervous and endocrine systems c) respiratory and muscular
systems d) cardiovascular and integumentary systems e) urinary and integumentary
systems - ✔✔b) nervous and endocrine systems During a feedback loop, hormonal or
electrical signals are sent from the control center to the a) afferent pathway b) stimulus c)
effectors d) efferent pathway - ✔✔c) effectors During a feedback loop, a component that
detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the a) response b) receptor c)
effector d) muscle - ✔✔b) receptor If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase
above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are
inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of a) Positive Feedback b) Negative
Feedback - ✔✔b) Negative Feedback Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is
an example of ________________ ; Itching the mosquito bite is an example of
__________________ . - ✔✔Answer 1: responsiveness Answer 2: movement The number of
protons in an atom is represented by an element's a) atomic number b) mass number c)
atomic mass d) valence number - ✔✔a) atomic number The nucleus of unstable
__________ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation. a) anions b) isotopes
c) molecules d) cations e) compounds - ✔✔b) isotopes Which relatively weak type of bond
helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?
a) hydrogen b) nonpolar covalent c) ionic d) polar covalent e) atomic - ✔✔a) hydrogen
Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases? a) endergonic b)
potential c) kinetics d) activation e) exergonic - ✔✔a) endergonic Which type of chemical
reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products? a) decomposition b) exchange c)
activated d) synthesis e) potential - ✔✔a) decomposition This type of fatty acid contains
more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain. a) saturated b) short chain c) volatile
d) monounsaturated e) polyunsaturated - ✔✔e) polyunsaturated This type of lipid is the
body's primary long-term energy storage molecule. a) steroid b) phospholipid c)
triglyceride d) lipoprotein e) cholesterol - ✔✔c) triglyceride Surface tension of an aqueous
solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water molecules. a) ester links b)
hydrogen bonds c) covalent bonds d) ionic bonds - ✔✔b) hydrogen bonds The initial energy
"investment" needed to start a chemical reaction in a cell is called the a) Gibb's free energy
b) activation energy c) energy of reactants d) energy of products e) potential energy - ✔✔b)
activation energy Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of
, the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid? a)
transmembrane protein b) lipoprotein c) peripheral protein d) complement protein - ✔✔a)
transmembrane protein Plasma membranes are _____, which means that some chemicals
move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. a) electrical
insulators b) selectively permeable c) concentration graded d) selectively soluble e)
electrically graded - ✔✔b) selectively permeable Which of the following does NOT
influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane? a) amount of ATP
available b) distance the chemical has to diffuse c) temperature d) mass of the diffusing
chemical e) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane - ✔✔a) amount
of ATP available In this transport process, the energy from ATP is used to drive substances
across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. a) passive diffusion b)
osmosis c) primary active transport d) secondary active transport e) facilitated diffusion -
✔✔c) primary active transport Which portion of an RNA segment does not code for a
protein and is removed? a) exons b) RNA c) introns d) ribosome - ✔✔c) introns A cell
lacking ribosomes would be unable to make what organic compound? a) proteins b)
carbohydrates c) phospholipids d) lipids e) nucleotides - ✔✔a) proteins Which term
describes the study of the functions of body structures? a) Endocrinology b) Immunology c)
Histology d) Anatomy e) Physiology - ✔✔e) Physiology Which term defines a group of cells
that work together to perform a particular function? a) Tissue b) Compounds c) Organ d)
Organism e) Molecules - ✔✔a) Tissue All of the following would be methods of studying
anatomy except: a) investigating the chambers of the heart b) dissection of organs c)
examination of tissues with a microscope d) using devices that measure heart rate and
respiration e) identifying the features of the bones of the arm - ✔✔d) using devices that
measure heart rate and respiration Which of the following is not a basic process of life? a)
Metabolism b) Responsiveness c) Catabolism d) Movement e) Differentiation - ✔✔c)
Catabolism True or false: the mammalian dive reflex is an example of a positive feedback
loop True False - ✔✔True The heart is _________ to the lungs a) Anterior b) Lateral c) Medial
d) Superior - ✔✔d) Superior The section shown below results from cutting through a _____
plane extending through the brain? (side to side image) a) Sagittal b) Transverse c)
Midsagittal d) Oblique e) Frontal - ✔✔b) Transverse After working a 12-hour shift at the
hospital, Louisa comes home and lies down on her bed. She is lying on her back looking up
at the ceiling with her head resting on her arms. What is her body position? a) Medial b)
Supine c) Anatomical position d) Lateral e) Prone - ✔✔b) Supine What is the relationship
between the knee and the foot? a) The foot is lateral to the knee b) The knee is proximal to
the foot c) The foot is superior to the knee d) The knee is distal to the foot e) The knee is
medial to the foot - ✔✔b) The knee is proximal to the foot Which of the following is an
What process occurs when amino acids bond to build new proteins? a) differentiation b)
responsiveness c) anabolism d) catabolism - ✔✔c) anabolism The two organ systems that
predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the a) cardiovascular and
respiratory systems b) nervous and endocrine systems c) respiratory and muscular
systems d) cardiovascular and integumentary systems e) urinary and integumentary
systems - ✔✔b) nervous and endocrine systems During a feedback loop, hormonal or
electrical signals are sent from the control center to the a) afferent pathway b) stimulus c)
effectors d) efferent pathway - ✔✔c) effectors During a feedback loop, a component that
detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the a) response b) receptor c)
effector d) muscle - ✔✔b) receptor If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase
above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are
inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of a) Positive Feedback b) Negative
Feedback - ✔✔b) Negative Feedback Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is
an example of ________________ ; Itching the mosquito bite is an example of
__________________ . - ✔✔Answer 1: responsiveness Answer 2: movement The number of
protons in an atom is represented by an element's a) atomic number b) mass number c)
atomic mass d) valence number - ✔✔a) atomic number The nucleus of unstable
__________ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation. a) anions b) isotopes
c) molecules d) cations e) compounds - ✔✔b) isotopes Which relatively weak type of bond
helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?
a) hydrogen b) nonpolar covalent c) ionic d) polar covalent e) atomic - ✔✔a) hydrogen
Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases? a) endergonic b)
potential c) kinetics d) activation e) exergonic - ✔✔a) endergonic Which type of chemical
reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products? a) decomposition b) exchange c)
activated d) synthesis e) potential - ✔✔a) decomposition This type of fatty acid contains
more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain. a) saturated b) short chain c) volatile
d) monounsaturated e) polyunsaturated - ✔✔e) polyunsaturated This type of lipid is the
body's primary long-term energy storage molecule. a) steroid b) phospholipid c)
triglyceride d) lipoprotein e) cholesterol - ✔✔c) triglyceride Surface tension of an aqueous
solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water molecules. a) ester links b)
hydrogen bonds c) covalent bonds d) ionic bonds - ✔✔b) hydrogen bonds The initial energy
"investment" needed to start a chemical reaction in a cell is called the a) Gibb's free energy
b) activation energy c) energy of reactants d) energy of products e) potential energy - ✔✔b)
activation energy Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of
, the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid? a)
transmembrane protein b) lipoprotein c) peripheral protein d) complement protein - ✔✔a)
transmembrane protein Plasma membranes are _____, which means that some chemicals
move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. a) electrical
insulators b) selectively permeable c) concentration graded d) selectively soluble e)
electrically graded - ✔✔b) selectively permeable Which of the following does NOT
influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane? a) amount of ATP
available b) distance the chemical has to diffuse c) temperature d) mass of the diffusing
chemical e) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane - ✔✔a) amount
of ATP available In this transport process, the energy from ATP is used to drive substances
across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. a) passive diffusion b)
osmosis c) primary active transport d) secondary active transport e) facilitated diffusion -
✔✔c) primary active transport Which portion of an RNA segment does not code for a
protein and is removed? a) exons b) RNA c) introns d) ribosome - ✔✔c) introns A cell
lacking ribosomes would be unable to make what organic compound? a) proteins b)
carbohydrates c) phospholipids d) lipids e) nucleotides - ✔✔a) proteins Which term
describes the study of the functions of body structures? a) Endocrinology b) Immunology c)
Histology d) Anatomy e) Physiology - ✔✔e) Physiology Which term defines a group of cells
that work together to perform a particular function? a) Tissue b) Compounds c) Organ d)
Organism e) Molecules - ✔✔a) Tissue All of the following would be methods of studying
anatomy except: a) investigating the chambers of the heart b) dissection of organs c)
examination of tissues with a microscope d) using devices that measure heart rate and
respiration e) identifying the features of the bones of the arm - ✔✔d) using devices that
measure heart rate and respiration Which of the following is not a basic process of life? a)
Metabolism b) Responsiveness c) Catabolism d) Movement e) Differentiation - ✔✔c)
Catabolism True or false: the mammalian dive reflex is an example of a positive feedback
loop True False - ✔✔True The heart is _________ to the lungs a) Anterior b) Lateral c) Medial
d) Superior - ✔✔d) Superior The section shown below results from cutting through a _____
plane extending through the brain? (side to side image) a) Sagittal b) Transverse c)
Midsagittal d) Oblique e) Frontal - ✔✔b) Transverse After working a 12-hour shift at the
hospital, Louisa comes home and lies down on her bed. She is lying on her back looking up
at the ceiling with her head resting on her arms. What is her body position? a) Medial b)
Supine c) Anatomical position d) Lateral e) Prone - ✔✔b) Supine What is the relationship
between the knee and the foot? a) The foot is lateral to the knee b) The knee is proximal to
the foot c) The foot is superior to the knee d) The knee is distal to the foot e) The knee is
medial to the foot - ✔✔b) The knee is proximal to the foot Which of the following is an
