,Most common type of skin cancer in USA - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skin cancer
Most common type of skin cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Appearance varies; smooth,
shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations - CORRECT ANSWERS-cheeks, nose, face,
neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-biopsy. if not an
option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze,
crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-chronic red scaly rough textured lesion
w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations - CORRECT ANSWERS-rims of ears, lips,
nose, face and top of hands
precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? - CORRECT ANSWERS-biopsy gold standard.
if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic
exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-asymmetry (shape/uneven
texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
, evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Most common type of melanoma
in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or
mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-soft, round, wart-like growth that is light
tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS-Streptococcus pneumoniae-
most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) - CORRECT ANSWERS-High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (purpura)
which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient - CORRECT ANSWERS-IV Abx ASAP,
resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid correction),
Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if present
(dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low stim
environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter - CORRECT ANSWERS-Close
contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tests for meningeal
irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
Most common type of skin cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Appearance varies; smooth,
shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations - CORRECT ANSWERS-cheeks, nose, face,
neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-biopsy. if not an
option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard - CORRECT ANSWERS-small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze,
crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-chronic red scaly rough textured lesion
w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations - CORRECT ANSWERS-rims of ears, lips,
nose, face and top of hands
precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? - CORRECT ANSWERS-biopsy gold standard.
if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic
exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-asymmetry (shape/uneven
texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
, evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Most common type of melanoma
in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or
mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-soft, round, wart-like growth that is light
tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS-Streptococcus pneumoniae-
most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) - CORRECT ANSWERS-High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (purpura)
which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient - CORRECT ANSWERS-IV Abx ASAP,
resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid correction),
Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if present
(dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low stim
environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter - CORRECT ANSWERS-Close
contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tests for meningeal
irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
