NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What are the cellular functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.movement
2.conductivity
3.metabolic absorption
4.secretion
5.excretion 6.respiration 7.reproduction 8.communication
What are glycoproteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - surface markers AKA antigens
Are epithelial cells polarized? And what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - They
have an apical side and a basal side, a specific orientation for things to be transported into or out
of the cell
What are neurons specialized for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell communication
What does communication between muscle cells produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Rhythmic contraction and movement
What are the major functions of connective tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER - Support
and protection
What are the 2 types of proteins that make up connective tissues? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Collagen - tendons, cornea, bone, blood vessels- provide structure
2.Elastin- ligaments, stretch like a rubber band
,What is the primary function of osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesis of bone
matrix - highly specialized
What are and what is the primary function of adipocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat
cells - To store excess energy
What is adipogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - the development and maturing of
adipocytes into adipose tissue
What are germ cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells that give rise to reproduction -
sperm and egg
Why are red blood cells vital for human life and existence? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Allows for binding of oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration
Do RBCs have a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - No, they lose their nucleus when
they mature , one of the few cells with no nucleus
What is important about the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - Where genes and DNA
are stored, coiled around nucleosomes. Early process of making proteins begins here
How do we get from DNA to proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central Dogma of
Biology
DNA- Transcription (Nucleus)
---->
mRNA- Translation (Ribosome)
---->
Amino Acids
---->
Proteins
,Explain what occurs in the nucleus. - CORRECT ANSWER - The unwinding of the
DNA, and a template being made from that (transcription)
What happens after transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - The template is moved out of
the nucelus to the Endoplasmic reticulum
What happens at the Endoplasmic Reticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER - The mRNA
strand undergoes translation at the ribosome
What does the ribosome do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Reads mRNA and codes for the
protein
What happens at the Golgi Complex? - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins are sent here
from the ribosome and are packaged or positioned to be released to where it will eventually be
used
Why are mitochondria important? - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary role is cellular
respiration ; they use oxygen to make energy
What are Lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane-bound organelles that contain
digestive enzymes; they clean up old or dysfunctional cells
What are peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Break down fatty acids and free
radicals. Important in metabolic reactions, if altered, it can alter the amount of energy available.
Their lipid bilayer contains a variety of different enzymes
Why are they called peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyst in Hydrogen
Peroxide
, Why is cellular metabolism important? - CORRECT ANSWER - O2 is central and needed
in converting ADP to ATP
What is the primary ingredient for the sodium potassium ATPase pump? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ATP
What direction does sodium and potassium move in regards to the cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER - For every 3 sodium pumped OUT , 2 potassium is pumped IN, in order to
regulate water balance
What happens in anaerobic conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER - No ATP= no water
regulation= no salt being pumped out = intracellular edema. Cell will lys and rupture
Describe the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Phospholipid bilayer, polar
head and nonpolar tail. Hydrophobic outside, hydrophilic inside
List what can be inserted into the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.Receptors- ligands can bind here
2.Carb or lipid chains
3. Ion channels- such as Na channels, K channels
What is the major histocompatibility complex? - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins on the
surface of each cell that help the body present the antigens and recognize foreign
What are the functions of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Provide
boundaries (protection)
2. Control traffic (movement of particles and organisms)
How do cells communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemical signals
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What are the cellular functions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.movement
2.conductivity
3.metabolic absorption
4.secretion
5.excretion 6.respiration 7.reproduction 8.communication
What are glycoproteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - surface markers AKA antigens
Are epithelial cells polarized? And what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - They
have an apical side and a basal side, a specific orientation for things to be transported into or out
of the cell
What are neurons specialized for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell communication
What does communication between muscle cells produce? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Rhythmic contraction and movement
What are the major functions of connective tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER - Support
and protection
What are the 2 types of proteins that make up connective tissues? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Collagen - tendons, cornea, bone, blood vessels- provide structure
2.Elastin- ligaments, stretch like a rubber band
,What is the primary function of osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER - Synthesis of bone
matrix - highly specialized
What are and what is the primary function of adipocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat
cells - To store excess energy
What is adipogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - the development and maturing of
adipocytes into adipose tissue
What are germ cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells that give rise to reproduction -
sperm and egg
Why are red blood cells vital for human life and existence? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Allows for binding of oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration
Do RBCs have a nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - No, they lose their nucleus when
they mature , one of the few cells with no nucleus
What is important about the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - Where genes and DNA
are stored, coiled around nucleosomes. Early process of making proteins begins here
How do we get from DNA to proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central Dogma of
Biology
DNA- Transcription (Nucleus)
---->
mRNA- Translation (Ribosome)
---->
Amino Acids
---->
Proteins
,Explain what occurs in the nucleus. - CORRECT ANSWER - The unwinding of the
DNA, and a template being made from that (transcription)
What happens after transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER - The template is moved out of
the nucelus to the Endoplasmic reticulum
What happens at the Endoplasmic Reticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER - The mRNA
strand undergoes translation at the ribosome
What does the ribosome do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Reads mRNA and codes for the
protein
What happens at the Golgi Complex? - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins are sent here
from the ribosome and are packaged or positioned to be released to where it will eventually be
used
Why are mitochondria important? - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary role is cellular
respiration ; they use oxygen to make energy
What are Lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - membrane-bound organelles that contain
digestive enzymes; they clean up old or dysfunctional cells
What are peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Break down fatty acids and free
radicals. Important in metabolic reactions, if altered, it can alter the amount of energy available.
Their lipid bilayer contains a variety of different enzymes
Why are they called peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyst in Hydrogen
Peroxide
, Why is cellular metabolism important? - CORRECT ANSWER - O2 is central and needed
in converting ADP to ATP
What is the primary ingredient for the sodium potassium ATPase pump? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ATP
What direction does sodium and potassium move in regards to the cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER - For every 3 sodium pumped OUT , 2 potassium is pumped IN, in order to
regulate water balance
What happens in anaerobic conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER - No ATP= no water
regulation= no salt being pumped out = intracellular edema. Cell will lys and rupture
Describe the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - Phospholipid bilayer, polar
head and nonpolar tail. Hydrophobic outside, hydrophilic inside
List what can be inserted into the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.Receptors- ligands can bind here
2.Carb or lipid chains
3. Ion channels- such as Na channels, K channels
What is the major histocompatibility complex? - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins on the
surface of each cell that help the body present the antigens and recognize foreign
What are the functions of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Provide
boundaries (protection)
2. Control traffic (movement of particles and organisms)
How do cells communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemical signals
