Anatomy And Physiology: ATI TEAS
1. Gastrointestinal System
Digestive System or Alimentary Canal
2. Gastrointestinal System function
Breaking down food for absorption and distribution to the rest of the
body
3. Mechanical Digestion
Chewing, swallowing, mixing and propulsive movements
4. Chemical Digestion
Enzymatic activity
5. Deglutition
Swallowing
6. Peristalsis
A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive
tract
7. Ingestion
An active process involving conscious choice where materials enter
oral cavity
8. Sympathetic
Decrease muscle tone and activity
9. Parasympathetic
"rest & digest" Increases muscle tone and activity
10. Main substance absorbed from waste in Large Intestine
Water
11. Jejunum
Second section of the Small Intestine where majority of absorption
occurs
12. Anus
The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled
,13. Mouth
The oral cavity at the entry of the alimentary canal
14. Esophagus
Transport of materials to the stomach
15. Stomach
the organ between the esphogus and small intestine in which the
major portion of digestion occurs " chemical breakdown"
16. Small Intestines function
Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates,
vitamins and ions.
17. Pancreas
Excoriate cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes + endocrine
secrete hormones
18. Gall bladder
Stores bile
19. Liver
Secretes bile (lipid digestion) storage of nutrients
20. Large Intestine function
is for Dehydration and compaction of indigestible material in
preparation for elimination
21. Parts of the Large Intestine (COLON)
Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid "colon"
22. Rectum
Region of large intestine in which feces is stored before elimination
23. Digestive Pathway
Mouth -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine ->
Large Intestine a.ka colon -> Rectum -> Anus
24. Hepatic portal vein
Blood vessel that carries nutrients directly from small intestine to
liver
,25. Bolus
A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
26. Chyme
Semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach
to small intestine
27. Salivary amylase
Carbohydrate enzyme produced by salivary glands
28. Parietal cells
Cells that produce acid in the stomach
29. Gastrin
Hormone produced by stomach that induces stomach secretions
30. Pepsinogen
Zymogen form of protease produced by stomach
31. Cholecystokinin
Hormone that induces bile and pancreatic juice secretion
32. Which physiological response follows eating a large meal?
Peristalsis rate increase it is the action that causes food to move in the
digestive system compared to when there is no food in the Digestive
Sytem
33. why is liver failure is a critical health emergency?
Liver filters digestion products, liver converts ammonia to urea and
secreted bile
34. Protons
Contain a positive charge (+)
35. Neutrons
* An atomic particle with no electric charge (0)
36. Electrons
Negatively charged orbiting the nucleus
, 37. Isotopes
Atoms of a single element (same atomic number) that differ in the
number of neutrons in their nuclei (different masses).
38. Atomic number
The number of protons in a nucleus, the number of electrons (in a
neutral atom) [Z]
39. Atomic mass number
The combined number of protons and neutrons
40. Anion
A negatively charged ion
41. Cation
A positively charged ion
42. Covalent bond
A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms.
- Typically formed between two P-block elements.
43. Group
A column of elements in the periodic table
44. Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule
45. Ionic bond
The bond between two oppositely charged ions
46. Valence electrons
An electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms
47. Gaining electrons
Happens in atoms with valence greater than 4
48. Losing electrons
Happens in atoms with valence less that 4
49. Neutron
An atomic particle with no electric charge
1. Gastrointestinal System
Digestive System or Alimentary Canal
2. Gastrointestinal System function
Breaking down food for absorption and distribution to the rest of the
body
3. Mechanical Digestion
Chewing, swallowing, mixing and propulsive movements
4. Chemical Digestion
Enzymatic activity
5. Deglutition
Swallowing
6. Peristalsis
A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive
tract
7. Ingestion
An active process involving conscious choice where materials enter
oral cavity
8. Sympathetic
Decrease muscle tone and activity
9. Parasympathetic
"rest & digest" Increases muscle tone and activity
10. Main substance absorbed from waste in Large Intestine
Water
11. Jejunum
Second section of the Small Intestine where majority of absorption
occurs
12. Anus
The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled
,13. Mouth
The oral cavity at the entry of the alimentary canal
14. Esophagus
Transport of materials to the stomach
15. Stomach
the organ between the esphogus and small intestine in which the
major portion of digestion occurs " chemical breakdown"
16. Small Intestines function
Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates,
vitamins and ions.
17. Pancreas
Excoriate cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes + endocrine
secrete hormones
18. Gall bladder
Stores bile
19. Liver
Secretes bile (lipid digestion) storage of nutrients
20. Large Intestine function
is for Dehydration and compaction of indigestible material in
preparation for elimination
21. Parts of the Large Intestine (COLON)
Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid "colon"
22. Rectum
Region of large intestine in which feces is stored before elimination
23. Digestive Pathway
Mouth -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine ->
Large Intestine a.ka colon -> Rectum -> Anus
24. Hepatic portal vein
Blood vessel that carries nutrients directly from small intestine to
liver
,25. Bolus
A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
26. Chyme
Semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach
to small intestine
27. Salivary amylase
Carbohydrate enzyme produced by salivary glands
28. Parietal cells
Cells that produce acid in the stomach
29. Gastrin
Hormone produced by stomach that induces stomach secretions
30. Pepsinogen
Zymogen form of protease produced by stomach
31. Cholecystokinin
Hormone that induces bile and pancreatic juice secretion
32. Which physiological response follows eating a large meal?
Peristalsis rate increase it is the action that causes food to move in the
digestive system compared to when there is no food in the Digestive
Sytem
33. why is liver failure is a critical health emergency?
Liver filters digestion products, liver converts ammonia to urea and
secreted bile
34. Protons
Contain a positive charge (+)
35. Neutrons
* An atomic particle with no electric charge (0)
36. Electrons
Negatively charged orbiting the nucleus
, 37. Isotopes
Atoms of a single element (same atomic number) that differ in the
number of neutrons in their nuclei (different masses).
38. Atomic number
The number of protons in a nucleus, the number of electrons (in a
neutral atom) [Z]
39. Atomic mass number
The combined number of protons and neutrons
40. Anion
A negatively charged ion
41. Cation
A positively charged ion
42. Covalent bond
A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms.
- Typically formed between two P-block elements.
43. Group
A column of elements in the periodic table
44. Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule
45. Ionic bond
The bond between two oppositely charged ions
46. Valence electrons
An electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms
47. Gaining electrons
Happens in atoms with valence greater than 4
48. Losing electrons
Happens in atoms with valence less that 4
49. Neutron
An atomic particle with no electric charge
