NAMs Menopause Certification Exam with
complete solution.
Climacteric phase - Answer - The period of endrocrinologic, somatic, and
transitory psychologic changes that occur around the time of menopause.
Early menopause - Answer - LMP
before age 45 Late menopause - Answer
- LMP after age 54
Primary ovarian insufficiency - Answer - Menopause that occurs before age 40
Early menopause transition (stage -2) - Answer - Persistent difference of 7 days or
more in the length of consecutive cycles.
Late menopause transition (stage -1) - Answer - 60 or more consecutive days of
amenorrhea
Luteal out of phase event (LOOP) - Answer - Explains why some perimenopausal
women have elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the early menopause
transition, elevated FSH levels are adequate to recruit a second follicle which
results in a follicular phase-like rise in estradiol secretion superimposed on the
mid-to-late luteal phase of the ongoing ovulatory cycle.
Obese women and estradiol levels during menopause - Answer - Obese women
are more likely to have anovulatory cycles with high estradiol levels. They are also
more likely to have lower premenopause yet higher postmenopause estradiol levels
compared with women of normal weight. (why they are at higher risk of
endometrial cancer)
Chinese and Japanese women - Answer - These ethnic groups have lower
estradiol levels then white, black and hispanic women.
stage +2 - Answer - late menopause stage: 5-8 years after FMP. Somatic aging
predominates. Increased genitourinary symptoms.
Stages +1a, +1b, +1c - Answer - early post menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH
,rises, estradiol decreases. VMS predominate.
Elevated FSH, LH - Answer - Endocrine labs after menopause
, AMH, inhibin B - Answer - These hormones work during reproductive years to
not deplete follicle pool too quickly.
Phases during menopause transition and PMS symptoms - Answer - Menstrual
cycle shortenes, follicular phase compresses, women spend more time in luteal
phase.. meaning more premenstrual symptoms and more frequent menstrual
periods.
How to respond if a patient requests FSH lab? - Answer - many pitfalls, variable
depending on the day of the cycle you draw the lab, normal or low FSH is not
helpful.
The potentially superior marker of menopause, a lab. - Answer - AMH
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) - Answer - Adrenal androgens: precursor
hromones produced by the adrenal gland that are enzymatically converted to
active androgens or estrogens in peripheral tissues.
Location of estrogen receptors - Answer - Vagina, vulva, urethra, trigone of the
bladder
Effects of estrogen on tissue - Answer - maintain blood flow, the collagen, and
HA within the epithelial surfaces. Supports microbiome and protects tissue from
pathogens.
Vaginal changes with menopause - Answer - Thinning, loss of elasticity, loss or
absence or rugae. Vagina and urethra in menopause - Answer - vagina narrows,
urethra moves closer to the introitus.
Stress urinary incontinence - Answer - Vaginal estrogen and urinary
incontinence: what type does it help with?
Treatment for FPHL - Answer - Minoxidil, spironolactone, finasteride, estrogen
therapy
Late reporoductive years -3b and -3a. What happens with menstrual cycles, FSH,
AMH, AFC, inhibin? - Answer - -3b: menstrual cycles normal, FSH normal,
AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low.
-3a: subtle menstrual changes, variable FSH, AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low.
complete solution.
Climacteric phase - Answer - The period of endrocrinologic, somatic, and
transitory psychologic changes that occur around the time of menopause.
Early menopause - Answer - LMP
before age 45 Late menopause - Answer
- LMP after age 54
Primary ovarian insufficiency - Answer - Menopause that occurs before age 40
Early menopause transition (stage -2) - Answer - Persistent difference of 7 days or
more in the length of consecutive cycles.
Late menopause transition (stage -1) - Answer - 60 or more consecutive days of
amenorrhea
Luteal out of phase event (LOOP) - Answer - Explains why some perimenopausal
women have elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the early menopause
transition, elevated FSH levels are adequate to recruit a second follicle which
results in a follicular phase-like rise in estradiol secretion superimposed on the
mid-to-late luteal phase of the ongoing ovulatory cycle.
Obese women and estradiol levels during menopause - Answer - Obese women
are more likely to have anovulatory cycles with high estradiol levels. They are also
more likely to have lower premenopause yet higher postmenopause estradiol levels
compared with women of normal weight. (why they are at higher risk of
endometrial cancer)
Chinese and Japanese women - Answer - These ethnic groups have lower
estradiol levels then white, black and hispanic women.
stage +2 - Answer - late menopause stage: 5-8 years after FMP. Somatic aging
predominates. Increased genitourinary symptoms.
Stages +1a, +1b, +1c - Answer - early post menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH
,rises, estradiol decreases. VMS predominate.
Elevated FSH, LH - Answer - Endocrine labs after menopause
, AMH, inhibin B - Answer - These hormones work during reproductive years to
not deplete follicle pool too quickly.
Phases during menopause transition and PMS symptoms - Answer - Menstrual
cycle shortenes, follicular phase compresses, women spend more time in luteal
phase.. meaning more premenstrual symptoms and more frequent menstrual
periods.
How to respond if a patient requests FSH lab? - Answer - many pitfalls, variable
depending on the day of the cycle you draw the lab, normal or low FSH is not
helpful.
The potentially superior marker of menopause, a lab. - Answer - AMH
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) - Answer - Adrenal androgens: precursor
hromones produced by the adrenal gland that are enzymatically converted to
active androgens or estrogens in peripheral tissues.
Location of estrogen receptors - Answer - Vagina, vulva, urethra, trigone of the
bladder
Effects of estrogen on tissue - Answer - maintain blood flow, the collagen, and
HA within the epithelial surfaces. Supports microbiome and protects tissue from
pathogens.
Vaginal changes with menopause - Answer - Thinning, loss of elasticity, loss or
absence or rugae. Vagina and urethra in menopause - Answer - vagina narrows,
urethra moves closer to the introitus.
Stress urinary incontinence - Answer - Vaginal estrogen and urinary
incontinence: what type does it help with?
Treatment for FPHL - Answer - Minoxidil, spironolactone, finasteride, estrogen
therapy
Late reporoductive years -3b and -3a. What happens with menstrual cycles, FSH,
AMH, AFC, inhibin? - Answer - -3b: menstrual cycles normal, FSH normal,
AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low.
-3a: subtle menstrual changes, variable FSH, AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low.
