CHE 4342 CELL SIGNALING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What are catecholamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are endocrine
hormones that are produced by the adrenal medulla (kidney!) and they bind to
alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
What are catecholamines made from? - CORRECT ANSWERS tyrosine
When R on a catecholamines is a H what hormone is it? - CORRECT
ANSWERS norepinephrine (agonist)
When R on a catecholamines is a CH3 what hormone is it? - CORRECT
ANSWERS epinephrine (agonist)
What kind of stimulation releases norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWERS
sympathetic
What does cAMP PDE do with norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWERS it bring
your heart rate down
How does the concentration of Ca2+ change to increase adrenalin? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It SLIGHTLY increases
What kind of inhibition do beta blockers exhibit? - CORRECT ANSWERS
competitive inhibition
,CHE 4342 CELL SIGNALING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What receptor does isoproterenol target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta adrenergic receptors and agonist
What receptor does propranolol target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta adrenergic receptor and antagonist
What receptor does phentolamine target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS alpha adrenergic receptor and antagonist
What kind of hormones do beta blockers impact - CORRECT ANSWERS
stress hormones
What does phosphorylase b kinase do? - CORRECT ANSWERS It adds a
phosphate which releases a glucose from the non reducing end of glycogen.
What is a unique feature of epinephrine signaling cascades? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It amplifies with each reaction so one epinephrine molecule results
in 100,000 molecules of blood glucose
How does caffeine work? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits cAMP
phosphodiesterase (PDE) so cAMP levels remain high, adrenalin's effect on the
heart is prolonged so more O2 is delivered to the brain and tissues. Gives the
feeling of increases energy
, CHE 4342 CELL SIGNALING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What does caffeine look like and how does it inhibit PDE? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It is a comp I (substrate analog) and it looks like adenosine.
How do GCPRs impact smell? - CORRECT ANSWERS the g proteins are a
part of olfactory neurons which activates an ion channel.
How do GPCRs impact vision? - CORRECT ANSWERS G proteins induce
transducin which helps with sensing light in the retina, when the retina is struck
by light, it is converted from the cis form to the trans form which activates the
transduction of the g protein and ion channel
What does cholera toxin inhibit? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits the
deactivation of the alpha subunit in the g protein which keeps AC on. This
increases the concentration of cAMP. It keeps water from being added to GTP.
Results in water diarrhea (chloride and sodium pumped out of cell with water.
What does the mechanism of the cholera toxin involve? - CORRECT
ANSWERS it involves the loss of a nicotinamide so the GTP is covalently
bonded to the alpha subunit
How does the pertussis toxin work? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits the
activation of the g protein so the subunit can not leave. Whooping cough. fluid in
lungs
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What are catecholamines? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are endocrine
hormones that are produced by the adrenal medulla (kidney!) and they bind to
alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
What are catecholamines made from? - CORRECT ANSWERS tyrosine
When R on a catecholamines is a H what hormone is it? - CORRECT
ANSWERS norepinephrine (agonist)
When R on a catecholamines is a CH3 what hormone is it? - CORRECT
ANSWERS epinephrine (agonist)
What kind of stimulation releases norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWERS
sympathetic
What does cAMP PDE do with norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWERS it bring
your heart rate down
How does the concentration of Ca2+ change to increase adrenalin? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It SLIGHTLY increases
What kind of inhibition do beta blockers exhibit? - CORRECT ANSWERS
competitive inhibition
,CHE 4342 CELL SIGNALING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What receptor does isoproterenol target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta adrenergic receptors and agonist
What receptor does propranolol target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS beta adrenergic receptor and antagonist
What receptor does phentolamine target and is it an agonist or antagonist? -
CORRECT ANSWERS alpha adrenergic receptor and antagonist
What kind of hormones do beta blockers impact - CORRECT ANSWERS
stress hormones
What does phosphorylase b kinase do? - CORRECT ANSWERS It adds a
phosphate which releases a glucose from the non reducing end of glycogen.
What is a unique feature of epinephrine signaling cascades? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It amplifies with each reaction so one epinephrine molecule results
in 100,000 molecules of blood glucose
How does caffeine work? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits cAMP
phosphodiesterase (PDE) so cAMP levels remain high, adrenalin's effect on the
heart is prolonged so more O2 is delivered to the brain and tissues. Gives the
feeling of increases energy
, CHE 4342 CELL SIGNALING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE EXAM SOLUTION
CONTAINS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST RATED TO
SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
What does caffeine look like and how does it inhibit PDE? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It is a comp I (substrate analog) and it looks like adenosine.
How do GCPRs impact smell? - CORRECT ANSWERS the g proteins are a
part of olfactory neurons which activates an ion channel.
How do GPCRs impact vision? - CORRECT ANSWERS G proteins induce
transducin which helps with sensing light in the retina, when the retina is struck
by light, it is converted from the cis form to the trans form which activates the
transduction of the g protein and ion channel
What does cholera toxin inhibit? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits the
deactivation of the alpha subunit in the g protein which keeps AC on. This
increases the concentration of cAMP. It keeps water from being added to GTP.
Results in water diarrhea (chloride and sodium pumped out of cell with water.
What does the mechanism of the cholera toxin involve? - CORRECT
ANSWERS it involves the loss of a nicotinamide so the GTP is covalently
bonded to the alpha subunit
How does the pertussis toxin work? - CORRECT ANSWERS It inhibits the
activation of the g protein so the subunit can not leave. Whooping cough. fluid in
lungs
