ESL CERTIFICATION TEST PREP EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Homonyms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Words that have 2 or more meanings
Homographs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same spelling and/or pronunciation but
different meanings (bat/bat)
Homophones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same pronunciation but different spelling
and meanings (wood/would)
Heteronyms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same spelling but have different
pronunciations and meanings (Polish/polish)
Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Writing words with the proper letters. The way in which the
words of a language are spelled.
Minimal Pairs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A pair of words that are different only by a single sound
(desk/disk, fan/van, sit/seat, wet/wait)
Relative Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun (that,
which, whose, who, whom)
Possessive Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Show ownership (mine, hers, his, yours, ours, theirs, my)
Reflexive Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When we refer back to the subject of the sentence or
clause (end in -self or -selves: myself, herself, ourselves, themselves)
Indefinite Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Doesn't refer to any specific person, thing, or amount (all,
another, any, anybody, few, many, one, some, several)
, 1981 Castaneda vs. Pickard - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Roy Castaneda vs. Raymondville ISD. Claimed RISD
was discriminating against his kids because of their ethnicity. Courts established a 3-pronged test for
evaluating programs serving ELL's (Castaneda Standard): 1. base programs on educational theory 2.
implement programs 3. evaluate programs
1982 Plyler vs. Doe - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Undocumented children have the right to go to school
1974 Lau vs. Nichols - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Case by Chinese American students in San Fran who had
LEP. Claimed they were not receiving special help due to inability to speak English. They said it violated
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Phonology (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of the system and pattern of speech
sounds of a language.
Phoneme (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A speech sound identified by a native speaker
(phonemic awareness)
Phonetics (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How phonemes are physically produced
Phonics (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How phonemes are represented in written
language
Morphology (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How words are structured and how they are
put together from smaller parts known as morphemes
Morpheme (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning
or grammatical function (stem, suffix, prefix)
Creating Sentences - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Combine
phonemes into morphemes,
morphemes into words,
words into sentences
ANSWERS
Homonyms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Words that have 2 or more meanings
Homographs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same spelling and/or pronunciation but
different meanings (bat/bat)
Homophones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same pronunciation but different spelling
and meanings (wood/would)
Heteronyms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 words that have the same spelling but have different
pronunciations and meanings (Polish/polish)
Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Writing words with the proper letters. The way in which the
words of a language are spelled.
Minimal Pairs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A pair of words that are different only by a single sound
(desk/disk, fan/van, sit/seat, wet/wait)
Relative Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun (that,
which, whose, who, whom)
Possessive Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Show ownership (mine, hers, his, yours, ours, theirs, my)
Reflexive Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When we refer back to the subject of the sentence or
clause (end in -self or -selves: myself, herself, ourselves, themselves)
Indefinite Pronouns - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Doesn't refer to any specific person, thing, or amount (all,
another, any, anybody, few, many, one, some, several)
, 1981 Castaneda vs. Pickard - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Roy Castaneda vs. Raymondville ISD. Claimed RISD
was discriminating against his kids because of their ethnicity. Courts established a 3-pronged test for
evaluating programs serving ELL's (Castaneda Standard): 1. base programs on educational theory 2.
implement programs 3. evaluate programs
1982 Plyler vs. Doe - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Undocumented children have the right to go to school
1974 Lau vs. Nichols - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Case by Chinese American students in San Fran who had
LEP. Claimed they were not receiving special help due to inability to speak English. They said it violated
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Phonology (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of the system and pattern of speech
sounds of a language.
Phoneme (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A speech sound identified by a native speaker
(phonemic awareness)
Phonetics (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How phonemes are physically produced
Phonics (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How phonemes are represented in written
language
Morphology (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How words are structured and how they are
put together from smaller parts known as morphemes
Morpheme (language systems) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning
or grammatical function (stem, suffix, prefix)
Creating Sentences - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Combine
phonemes into morphemes,
morphemes into words,
words into sentences
