NR-324 Adult Health I
NR 324 Exam 1
1. What is wrong with the body during DKA?
- It is too acidic
2. Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses hyper or hypo
ventilate?
- HYPOventilate
3. What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body?
- Lungs and kidneys
4. When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to acid-base balance?
- During acidosis
5. Normal pH range of blood
- 7.35-7.45
6. normal PaCo2
- 35-45 mm Hg
7. PaO2 normal levels
- 80-100
8. Normal HCO3 levels
- 22-26mEq/L
,9. Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state
- 1:20
10. Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation
- Buffer system
- respiratory system
- renal system
11. Which regulatory system responds immediately?
- The buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
12. Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum effort within
hours?
- Respiratory system
13. Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond?
- Renal system
14. What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took too much Aspirin
have?
- Respiratory acidosis
15. Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory alkalosis to breathe
into?
- Because they can help return the CO2 back to their body that they lost from
hyperventilating
16. What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory alkalosis?
- Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such as Ativan because they are
hyperventilating and need help relaxing
17. What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis?
, - Aspirin overdose
- prolonged diarrhea
18. Common cause for metabolic alkalosis:
- prolonged vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the
body for a prolonged period of time.
- The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to keep CO2
19. When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
- The valves opening and shutting
20. What is the major purpose of the cardiac system?
- to supply the body with oxygenated blood
21. Ejection fraction
- the amount of blood ejected per minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need
an effective cardiac output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is
working well.
22. If cardiac output is insufficient, what does this mean?
- you do not have enough o2 in your body
23. what are the three layers of the heart?
- epicardium- outer layer, myocardium-middle layer, endocardium-inner layer
24. why is the left ventricle thicker?
- because it does most of the pumping of blood to the body. It is 2-3x thicker
than the R ventricle.
25. What artery supplies the heart's oxygen and nutrients?
- The coronary artery (right and left)
NR 324 Exam 1
1. What is wrong with the body during DKA?
- It is too acidic
2. Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses hyper or hypo
ventilate?
- HYPOventilate
3. What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body?
- Lungs and kidneys
4. When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to acid-base balance?
- During acidosis
5. Normal pH range of blood
- 7.35-7.45
6. normal PaCo2
- 35-45 mm Hg
7. PaO2 normal levels
- 80-100
8. Normal HCO3 levels
- 22-26mEq/L
,9. Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state
- 1:20
10. Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation
- Buffer system
- respiratory system
- renal system
11. Which regulatory system responds immediately?
- The buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
12. Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum effort within
hours?
- Respiratory system
13. Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond?
- Renal system
14. What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took too much Aspirin
have?
- Respiratory acidosis
15. Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory alkalosis to breathe
into?
- Because they can help return the CO2 back to their body that they lost from
hyperventilating
16. What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory alkalosis?
- Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such as Ativan because they are
hyperventilating and need help relaxing
17. What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis?
, - Aspirin overdose
- prolonged diarrhea
18. Common cause for metabolic alkalosis:
- prolonged vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the
body for a prolonged period of time.
- The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to keep CO2
19. When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
- The valves opening and shutting
20. What is the major purpose of the cardiac system?
- to supply the body with oxygenated blood
21. Ejection fraction
- the amount of blood ejected per minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need
an effective cardiac output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is
working well.
22. If cardiac output is insufficient, what does this mean?
- you do not have enough o2 in your body
23. what are the three layers of the heart?
- epicardium- outer layer, myocardium-middle layer, endocardium-inner layer
24. why is the left ventricle thicker?
- because it does most of the pumping of blood to the body. It is 2-3x thicker
than the R ventricle.
25. What artery supplies the heart's oxygen and nutrients?
- The coronary artery (right and left)
