8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
What pharmaceutical / Alpha lipoic acid; minocycline; doxycycline; memantine;
nutriceutical agents have NAC; Vitamin B12; phosphatidyl serine; Coenzyme Q10;
been shown to be helpful in HRT with estrogen / estriol; hyperbaric oxygen therapy
treatment of MS?
What are the risk factors for Hypertension; smoking; oral contraceptive usage; usage of
sub-arachnoid hemorrhage stimulants
(rupture of cerebral
aneurysm)?
What is the mechanism of Extreme cerebral vasoconstriction followed by vaso-dilatation
action of migraine
headache?
Which neuro-transmitter GABA and serotonin
deficiencies have been
implicated in the
development of migraine
headaches?
False; current evidence does not support thymus
T or F: thymectomy is removal due to risks of surgery and lack of evidence;
recommended for however, 70% of patients with myasthenia gravis have
treatment of myasthenia thymus hypertrophy and 10-15% have thymomas. IVIG
gravis may be helpful for management of myasthenia gravis.
T or F: many of the T
pharmacologic treatment
options for demential
increase homocysteine
levels, which may directly
contribute to cognitive
decline
… 1/39
,8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
T or F: consumption of milk T
> 16 oz / day over a 30 year
time period leads to a 230%
increased risk of
Alzheimer's disease
Which areas of the brain Posterior cingulate gyrus; parietal and temporal lobes
are affected in a SPECT
scan of a patient with
Alzheimer's disease?
What area of the brain is Occipital lobe
affected in a SPECT scan of
a patient with Lewy Body
dementia?
T or F: IGG to periodontal True
bacteria is elevated in
patients with dementia
Beta-amyloid plaque and neuro-fibrillary tangles.
What abnormalities are Neurofibrillary tangles are formed from mutations on
found in the brain on tau protein. Beta-amyloid plaques are formed from
autopsy of patients with breakdown of APP (amyloid precursor protein). Beta
Alzheimer's disease? amyloid causes destruction in brain parenchyma by
combining with salt and water in the brain. It also
causes influx of calcium into neurons, leading to
apoptosis.
Type of dementia Lewy body dementia
associated with protein
deposits known as alpha-
synuclein; visual
hallucinations; low
dopamine levels
Mechanism of action of Curcumin is an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. It
curcumin Supplement decreases tau phosphorylation; reduces COX-2
whose mechanism includes expression; inhibits NF-kB.
decreasing tau
phosphorylation and
reducing COX-2
… 2/39
,8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
expression.
Stimulates neutrophils and Olive leaf extract
macrophages to kill
microorganism. Nontoxic
and does not cause
microbial resistance.
Useful for treatment of
intracellular organisms.
Rate of secretion of PSA 0.07 ng / mL
from prostate / day?
Mineral responsible for Sodium
increasing renal intra-
glomerular pressure and
decreasing arterial
compliance
How much does potassium Supplementing potassium 60-120 mEG day may decrease SBP /
decrease BP? DBP by 4/2.5 mm HG
- Acts as a calcium channel blocker
- Regulates insulin sensitivity
Actions of Magnesium on BP:
- Regulates pH
are
- Increases arterial compliance via endothelial vasodilatation
T or F: omega-6 fatty acids False (although may indirectly affect BP through effects on
decrease blood pressure saturated fatty acids)
Recommended intake of > 800 mg / day may reduce incidence of HTN
calcium to reduce HTN
… 3/39
, 8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!! Flashcards | Quizlet
T or F: soy protein True; recommended in fermented form; 30-40 gm / day for
decreases blood pressure hypertensive individuals
and increases arterial
compliance
T or F: omega-9 fatty acids True
found in olive oil have
beneficial effects on both
blood pressure and
cholesterol
garlic acts as a natural ACE-I, CCB and increases arterial
Effects of garlic on HTN
compliance via increase of NO production
T or F: The gamma isomer True
of Vitamin E is more potent
than the alpha isomer in lipid
lowering effects
Most potent B vitamin; Vitamin B6. Increases bioavailability of coA and
lowers blood pressure via decreases cholesterol synthesis. Also reduces oxLDL.
multiple mechanisms Increases HDL, reduces LDL and triglycerides.
T or F: There is strong False
evidence for Guggul in
treatment of cholesterol
T or F: Niacin is the most True
effective currently known
agent for increasing HDL
Which infectious agents Mycoplasma pneumoniae and EBV
have been linked to
development of MS
plaques in brain?
T or F: 20% of MS patients True
have been shown to have
gluten sensitivity
- Excitotoxic reaction mediated by increased
extracellular glutamate / aspartate and increased
What is mechanism for brain
intracellular calcium
injury from concussion?
- Microglia (normally dormant) become activated and
https://quizlet.com/1065480588/a4m-exam-questions-and-verified-answers-2025graded-a-detailed-answers-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=2edce14c-d92… 4/39
A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
What pharmaceutical / Alpha lipoic acid; minocycline; doxycycline; memantine;
nutriceutical agents have NAC; Vitamin B12; phosphatidyl serine; Coenzyme Q10;
been shown to be helpful in HRT with estrogen / estriol; hyperbaric oxygen therapy
treatment of MS?
What are the risk factors for Hypertension; smoking; oral contraceptive usage; usage of
sub-arachnoid hemorrhage stimulants
(rupture of cerebral
aneurysm)?
What is the mechanism of Extreme cerebral vasoconstriction followed by vaso-dilatation
action of migraine
headache?
Which neuro-transmitter GABA and serotonin
deficiencies have been
implicated in the
development of migraine
headaches?
False; current evidence does not support thymus
T or F: thymectomy is removal due to risks of surgery and lack of evidence;
recommended for however, 70% of patients with myasthenia gravis have
treatment of myasthenia thymus hypertrophy and 10-15% have thymomas. IVIG
gravis may be helpful for management of myasthenia gravis.
T or F: many of the T
pharmacologic treatment
options for demential
increase homocysteine
levels, which may directly
contribute to cognitive
decline
… 1/39
,8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
T or F: consumption of milk T
> 16 oz / day over a 30 year
time period leads to a 230%
increased risk of
Alzheimer's disease
Which areas of the brain Posterior cingulate gyrus; parietal and temporal lobes
are affected in a SPECT
scan of a patient with
Alzheimer's disease?
What area of the brain is Occipital lobe
affected in a SPECT scan of
a patient with Lewy Body
dementia?
T or F: IGG to periodontal True
bacteria is elevated in
patients with dementia
Beta-amyloid plaque and neuro-fibrillary tangles.
What abnormalities are Neurofibrillary tangles are formed from mutations on
found in the brain on tau protein. Beta-amyloid plaques are formed from
autopsy of patients with breakdown of APP (amyloid precursor protein). Beta
Alzheimer's disease? amyloid causes destruction in brain parenchyma by
combining with salt and water in the brain. It also
causes influx of calcium into neurons, leading to
apoptosis.
Type of dementia Lewy body dementia
associated with protein
deposits known as alpha-
synuclein; visual
hallucinations; low
dopamine levels
Mechanism of action of Curcumin is an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. It
curcumin Supplement decreases tau phosphorylation; reduces COX-2
whose mechanism includes expression; inhibits NF-kB.
decreasing tau
phosphorylation and
reducing COX-2
… 2/39
,8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!
expression.
Stimulates neutrophils and Olive leaf extract
macrophages to kill
microorganism. Nontoxic
and does not cause
microbial resistance.
Useful for treatment of
intracellular organisms.
Rate of secretion of PSA 0.07 ng / mL
from prostate / day?
Mineral responsible for Sodium
increasing renal intra-
glomerular pressure and
decreasing arterial
compliance
How much does potassium Supplementing potassium 60-120 mEG day may decrease SBP /
decrease BP? DBP by 4/2.5 mm HG
- Acts as a calcium channel blocker
- Regulates insulin sensitivity
Actions of Magnesium on BP:
- Regulates pH
are
- Increases arterial compliance via endothelial vasodilatation
T or F: omega-6 fatty acids False (although may indirectly affect BP through effects on
decrease blood pressure saturated fatty acids)
Recommended intake of > 800 mg / day may reduce incidence of HTN
calcium to reduce HTN
… 3/39
, 8/15/25, 8:29 AM A4M EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025(GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!! Flashcards | Quizlet
T or F: soy protein True; recommended in fermented form; 30-40 gm / day for
decreases blood pressure hypertensive individuals
and increases arterial
compliance
T or F: omega-9 fatty acids True
found in olive oil have
beneficial effects on both
blood pressure and
cholesterol
garlic acts as a natural ACE-I, CCB and increases arterial
Effects of garlic on HTN
compliance via increase of NO production
T or F: The gamma isomer True
of Vitamin E is more potent
than the alpha isomer in lipid
lowering effects
Most potent B vitamin; Vitamin B6. Increases bioavailability of coA and
lowers blood pressure via decreases cholesterol synthesis. Also reduces oxLDL.
multiple mechanisms Increases HDL, reduces LDL and triglycerides.
T or F: There is strong False
evidence for Guggul in
treatment of cholesterol
T or F: Niacin is the most True
effective currently known
agent for increasing HDL
Which infectious agents Mycoplasma pneumoniae and EBV
have been linked to
development of MS
plaques in brain?
T or F: 20% of MS patients True
have been shown to have
gluten sensitivity
- Excitotoxic reaction mediated by increased
extracellular glutamate / aspartate and increased
What is mechanism for brain
intracellular calcium
injury from concussion?
- Microglia (normally dormant) become activated and
https://quizlet.com/1065480588/a4m-exam-questions-and-verified-answers-2025graded-a-detailed-answers-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=2edce14c-d92… 4/39
