COMPREHENSIVE WGU D116 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY OA & PRE-
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM – 500 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
EXPLANATIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS (A+ LEVEL).
A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber is considering
prescribing dicloxacillin PO.
What should the provider do? - - ANS - -Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant
penicillin
Provider should consider prescribing another drug
A nurse practitioner is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired immune system.
Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? - - ANS - -"The skin
is a factor in specific acquired immunity"
Skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity
An otherwise healthy child receives a varicella virus vaccine. Three weeks later, the parent
calls to report that the child has a mild case of chickenpox and wonders how this could
happen after the vaccination.
What should the provider tell the parent? - - ANS - -"A varicella-like rash can occur after
the vaccine is given"
Children who receive the varicella vaccine may sometimes develop a mild, local varicella-
like rash within a month of receiving the vaccine
A patient has a viral sinus infection, and the provider tells the patient that antibiotics will
not be prescribed. The patient wants to take an antibiotic and asks the provider what
possible harm could occur by taking an antibiotic.
,Which response by the provider is correct? - - ANS - -"Even normal flora can develop
resistance and transfer this resistance to pathogens"
Antibiotics make conditions favorable for the overgrowth of microbes with acquired
resistance. Normal flora, which are present at all times, can develop resistance and transfer
this resistance to pathogens if they occur. Even when pathogens are not present, antibiotic
use can promote resistance in the future
A patient has a type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) response to an
infection.
Which two types of cells are necessary for this response? - - ANS - -Infected macrophages
and CD4 helper T cells
The object of type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is to rid the body of
bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The macrophage activates the CD4 cell, which
in turn activates the macrophage
What are penicillins? - - ANS - -Broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit cell-
wall synthesis
Treat positive and negative bacteria
What are tetracyclines? - - ANS - -Broad spectrum bacteriostatic abx that inhibit bacterial
protein synthesis
Treat positive and negative bacteria
,What are fluoroquinolones? - - ANS - -May have bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects
depending on concentration
Inhibit DNA replication and are used to treat urinary, skin, respiratory, and pulmonary
infections
Have strong adverse effects
What are lincosamides? - - ANS - -Primarily bacteriostatic abx that act by inhibiting protein
synthesis
Staphylococcus and other serious infections
What are macrolides? - - ANS - -Primarily bacteriostatic abx that act on the protein
synthesis of gram-positive bacteria
Often used in situations when hypersensitivity to other abx prevents conventional tx and for
respiratory infections
What are sulfonamides? - - ANS - -Bacteriostatic abx that act on the DNA synthesis of a
wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Skin infections and burns
What are glycopeptides? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx, like vanco, that act on the cell-wall
synthesis of gram-POSITIVE only
, Used to treat resistant forms of staphylococcus, c. diff, and other gram-positive infections
What are amioglycosides? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx that act on protein synthesis in gram-
negative bacteria
E. coli and staphylococcus in situations that contraindicate other medication
What are cephalosporins? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx that act on the bacterial cell wall
membrane of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Tx of skin, bone, respiratory, and urinary infections
What are neuraminidase inhibitors? - - ANS - -Active antiviral medications that bind to the
outside of a virus to prevent the release of new viral microbes and stop the infection from
spreading
Used in the tx of the flu
What are Gamma globulins? - - ANS - -Active antivirals that boost the immune system's
ability to fight infection
Often used when treating immunocompromised patients or patients with immune system
disorders
What are purine nucleosides? - - ANS - -Active antivirals that interfere with the synthesis of
viral DNA
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM – 500 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
EXPLANATIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS (A+ LEVEL).
A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber is considering
prescribing dicloxacillin PO.
What should the provider do? - - ANS - -Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant
penicillin
Provider should consider prescribing another drug
A nurse practitioner is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired immune system.
Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? - - ANS - -"The skin
is a factor in specific acquired immunity"
Skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity
An otherwise healthy child receives a varicella virus vaccine. Three weeks later, the parent
calls to report that the child has a mild case of chickenpox and wonders how this could
happen after the vaccination.
What should the provider tell the parent? - - ANS - -"A varicella-like rash can occur after
the vaccine is given"
Children who receive the varicella vaccine may sometimes develop a mild, local varicella-
like rash within a month of receiving the vaccine
A patient has a viral sinus infection, and the provider tells the patient that antibiotics will
not be prescribed. The patient wants to take an antibiotic and asks the provider what
possible harm could occur by taking an antibiotic.
,Which response by the provider is correct? - - ANS - -"Even normal flora can develop
resistance and transfer this resistance to pathogens"
Antibiotics make conditions favorable for the overgrowth of microbes with acquired
resistance. Normal flora, which are present at all times, can develop resistance and transfer
this resistance to pathogens if they occur. Even when pathogens are not present, antibiotic
use can promote resistance in the future
A patient has a type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) response to an
infection.
Which two types of cells are necessary for this response? - - ANS - -Infected macrophages
and CD4 helper T cells
The object of type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is to rid the body of
bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The macrophage activates the CD4 cell, which
in turn activates the macrophage
What are penicillins? - - ANS - -Broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit cell-
wall synthesis
Treat positive and negative bacteria
What are tetracyclines? - - ANS - -Broad spectrum bacteriostatic abx that inhibit bacterial
protein synthesis
Treat positive and negative bacteria
,What are fluoroquinolones? - - ANS - -May have bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects
depending on concentration
Inhibit DNA replication and are used to treat urinary, skin, respiratory, and pulmonary
infections
Have strong adverse effects
What are lincosamides? - - ANS - -Primarily bacteriostatic abx that act by inhibiting protein
synthesis
Staphylococcus and other serious infections
What are macrolides? - - ANS - -Primarily bacteriostatic abx that act on the protein
synthesis of gram-positive bacteria
Often used in situations when hypersensitivity to other abx prevents conventional tx and for
respiratory infections
What are sulfonamides? - - ANS - -Bacteriostatic abx that act on the DNA synthesis of a
wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Skin infections and burns
What are glycopeptides? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx, like vanco, that act on the cell-wall
synthesis of gram-POSITIVE only
, Used to treat resistant forms of staphylococcus, c. diff, and other gram-positive infections
What are amioglycosides? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx that act on protein synthesis in gram-
negative bacteria
E. coli and staphylococcus in situations that contraindicate other medication
What are cephalosporins? - - ANS - -Bactericidal abx that act on the bacterial cell wall
membrane of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Tx of skin, bone, respiratory, and urinary infections
What are neuraminidase inhibitors? - - ANS - -Active antiviral medications that bind to the
outside of a virus to prevent the release of new viral microbes and stop the infection from
spreading
Used in the tx of the flu
What are Gamma globulins? - - ANS - -Active antivirals that boost the immune system's
ability to fight infection
Often used when treating immunocompromised patients or patients with immune system
disorders
What are purine nucleosides? - - ANS - -Active antivirals that interfere with the synthesis of
viral DNA
