BIO 210: Genetics Final Exam Test Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components?
- ANSWERS - phosphate group, pentose
sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), Where are chromosomes located? -
and a nitrogenous base ANSWERS - cell's nucleus
What nitrogenous bases are purines - what is a centrosome? - ANSWERS -
ANSWERS - Adenine and Guanine location in the cell that contains centrioles
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - What are centrioles? - ANSWERS -
ANSWERS - cytosine, thymine, uracil microtubules that produce mitotic spindle fibers,
aids in cell division, and make up the
cytoskeleton of the cell
How can you differentiate between purines and
pyrimidines? - ANSWERS - purines are
double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed How many centrioles are there for every
centrosome? - ANSWERS - 2 centrioles/1
centrosome
What are the differences between DNA and
RNA? - ANSWERS - DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group How many copies of each type of chromosome
at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C does each eukaryotic cell typically have? -
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one ANSWERS - 2 copies
oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases:
A, U, G, C
what are homologous chromosomes? -
ANSWERS - copies of the same type of
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - ANSWERS - DNA
nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base +
phosphate group What are non-homologous chromosomes? -
ANSWERS - copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? -
ANSWERS - Phosphodiester bonds
What is mitosis? - ANSWERS - cell division
of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be
genetic material? - ANSWERS - 1.) Must
contain important info to encode hereditary traits What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? -
2.) Must be capable of replication ANSWERS - interphase, prophase,
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4.) Must be able to express information
, BIO 210: Genetics Final Exam Test Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis telophase? -
ANSWERS - nuclear envelope reforms
What happens during mitosis interphase? -
ANSWERS - mitosis stage that the cell is plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids
primarily in are still condensed at this point
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just
hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles What happens during cytokinesis? -
ANSWERS - cells split off; genetic material
becomes uncondensed
What happens during interphase s-phase? -
ANSWERS - Centrosome replication ( 2
centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and What happens during Meiosis? -
chromosome replication occurs (still ANSWERS - Division of one diploid cell to
uncondensed) yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
What happens during mitosis prophase? - What happens during Meiosis 1? -
ANSWERS - centrioles move to opposite ANSWERS - 1. Homologous chromosomes
ends of the cell using spindle fibers pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic
nuclear membrane breaks down material) occurs at chiasmata.
3. Cell divides into two. Homologous
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes chromosomes separate randomly. Each cell
(the "x"'s); bound by a kinetochore that attracts contains either maternal or paternal copy. (1
mitotic spindle fibers diploids becomes 2 haploid)
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - What happens during Meiosis 2? -
ANSWERS - centrioles have reached polar ANSWERS - 1. Independent segregation of
regions and mitotic spindle fibers have sister chromatids.
connected to the kinetochore 2. Each cell divides again, producing 4 haploid
cells.
What happens during mitosis metaphase -
ANSWERS - all chromosomes are lined up What are the three theories of DNA Replication?
on the metaphase plate - ANSWERS - semi-conservative(parent
strands split and are used as templates for new
DNA + it binds to the new DNA),
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - conservative(parents split to make new strands
ANSWERS - mitotic spindle fibers pull and then rejoin with each other), dispersive(old
chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n) and new DNA strands randomly join together
Verified Answers
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components?
- ANSWERS - phosphate group, pentose
sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), Where are chromosomes located? -
and a nitrogenous base ANSWERS - cell's nucleus
What nitrogenous bases are purines - what is a centrosome? - ANSWERS -
ANSWERS - Adenine and Guanine location in the cell that contains centrioles
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - What are centrioles? - ANSWERS -
ANSWERS - cytosine, thymine, uracil microtubules that produce mitotic spindle fibers,
aids in cell division, and make up the
cytoskeleton of the cell
How can you differentiate between purines and
pyrimidines? - ANSWERS - purines are
double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed How many centrioles are there for every
centrosome? - ANSWERS - 2 centrioles/1
centrosome
What are the differences between DNA and
RNA? - ANSWERS - DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group How many copies of each type of chromosome
at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C does each eukaryotic cell typically have? -
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one ANSWERS - 2 copies
oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases:
A, U, G, C
what are homologous chromosomes? -
ANSWERS - copies of the same type of
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - ANSWERS - DNA
nucleoside: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base +
phosphate group What are non-homologous chromosomes? -
ANSWERS - copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? -
ANSWERS - Phosphodiester bonds
What is mitosis? - ANSWERS - cell division
of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be
genetic material? - ANSWERS - 1.) Must
contain important info to encode hereditary traits What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? -
2.) Must be capable of replication ANSWERS - interphase, prophase,
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4.) Must be able to express information
, BIO 210: Genetics Final Exam Test Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis telophase? -
ANSWERS - nuclear envelope reforms
What happens during mitosis interphase? -
ANSWERS - mitosis stage that the cell is plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids
primarily in are still condensed at this point
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just
hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles What happens during cytokinesis? -
ANSWERS - cells split off; genetic material
becomes uncondensed
What happens during interphase s-phase? -
ANSWERS - Centrosome replication ( 2
centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and What happens during Meiosis? -
chromosome replication occurs (still ANSWERS - Division of one diploid cell to
uncondensed) yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
What happens during mitosis prophase? - What happens during Meiosis 1? -
ANSWERS - centrioles move to opposite ANSWERS - 1. Homologous chromosomes
ends of the cell using spindle fibers pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic
nuclear membrane breaks down material) occurs at chiasmata.
3. Cell divides into two. Homologous
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes chromosomes separate randomly. Each cell
(the "x"'s); bound by a kinetochore that attracts contains either maternal or paternal copy. (1
mitotic spindle fibers diploids becomes 2 haploid)
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - What happens during Meiosis 2? -
ANSWERS - centrioles have reached polar ANSWERS - 1. Independent segregation of
regions and mitotic spindle fibers have sister chromatids.
connected to the kinetochore 2. Each cell divides again, producing 4 haploid
cells.
What happens during mitosis metaphase -
ANSWERS - all chromosomes are lined up What are the three theories of DNA Replication?
on the metaphase plate - ANSWERS - semi-conservative(parent
strands split and are used as templates for new
DNA + it binds to the new DNA),
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - conservative(parents split to make new strands
ANSWERS - mitotic spindle fibers pull and then rejoin with each other), dispersive(old
chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n) and new DNA strands randomly join together
