SOC 300 Final Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
Actions that an individual must perform in order to be considered moral are called
- ANSWER-duties
A police officer's discretionary powers include the power to - ANSWER-deprive
people of their liberty
The Josephson Institute identifies all of the following as ethical principles
governing public servants except - ANSWER-volunteer work
Which philosopher's writings were largely in the form of dialogues, with Socrates
as the main character in many of them? - ANSWER-Plato
Prosecutors have discretionary powers to - ANSWER-decide whether to pursue
charges
Which of the following is not a recognized branch of ethics? - ANSWER-
internalized ethics
An "imperfect duty" can best be described as a - ANSWER-general duty that one
should uphold, but without specific applications
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,One of the most important elements of critical thinking is to separate _____ from
concepts. - ANSWER-facts
In terms of ethics, critical thinking is least likely to involve identifying - ANSWER-
an alternative path to avoid a difficult decision
Who have the power to define behavior as illegal and, therefore, punishable? -
ANSWER-legislators
Braswell (1996/2002: 8) proposed five goals of ethics. What is one of these? -
ANSWER-developing wholesight
Which aspect of work is least likely to be an ethical concern for police officers? -
ANSWER-working too much overtime
Philosophers widely believe that only humans can be moral (or immoral) because
of our capacity to - ANSWER-reason
An act that goes above and beyond one's duty is known as - ANSWER-
superogatory
Which characteristic is least applicable to the ethical issues that criminal justice
professionals face? - ANSWER-the issues are avoidable
Normative ethics focuses on what people - ANSWER-ought to do
Questions that concern the government's social control mechanisms and the
impact of those mechanisms on the governed are called - ANSWER-ethical issues
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,What is an important characteristic of facts that distinguishes them from moral
judgments? - ANSWER-facts are capable of scientific proof
Which element is not a requirement for determining if an act can be judged as
moral/ethical? - ANSWER-the act must be intentional
The typical individual ______ ethical issues - ANSWER-does not have control
over
_____ imply a choice or judgment and indicate the relative importance that one
assigns to personal beliefs. - ANSWER-values
Aristotle did not believe that bad behavior - ANSWER-comes from ignorance
Elements of desirability, worth, and importance can best be defined as -
ANSWER-values
A ______ arises when an individual is forced to choose between two or more
behaviors. - ANSWER-personal ethical dilemma
Meta-ethics investigates whether an ethical system - ANSWER-is relative or
universal
Relativists believe that _____ determines what is right - ANSWER-cultural values
The principle of forfeiture is what kind of system? - ANSWER-deontological
Which ethical system is concerned solely with the inherent nature of acts being
judged? - ANSWER-deontological
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, According to the concept of ethical formalism, the key factor in determining
whether an act is moral is - ANSWER-the actor's motive or intent
Which characteristic is not part of Braswell and Gold's peacemaking process? -
ANSWER-merit
According to Immanuel Kant, a person can control his or her - ANSWER-actions
The claim "virtue is always the median between two extremes" is known as -
ANSWER-the Golden Mean
Which system is deontological, and judges acts but not consequences? -
ANSWER-ethical formalism
Of the following, who is best known as an egoist? - ANSWER-Ayn Rand
Which system determines what is moral based on what is good for an individual's
survival and personal happiness? - ANSWER-egoism
Ethical formalism emphasizes that individuals must not - ANSWER-be used as a
means to an end
Which idea claims that there is an inherent universal set of rights and wrongs in the
world? - ANSWER-natural law
Which doctrine claims that a person's actions should maximize happiness for the
greatest number of people? - ANSWER-utilitarianism
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
and Answers
Actions that an individual must perform in order to be considered moral are called
- ANSWER-duties
A police officer's discretionary powers include the power to - ANSWER-deprive
people of their liberty
The Josephson Institute identifies all of the following as ethical principles
governing public servants except - ANSWER-volunteer work
Which philosopher's writings were largely in the form of dialogues, with Socrates
as the main character in many of them? - ANSWER-Plato
Prosecutors have discretionary powers to - ANSWER-decide whether to pursue
charges
Which of the following is not a recognized branch of ethics? - ANSWER-
internalized ethics
An "imperfect duty" can best be described as a - ANSWER-general duty that one
should uphold, but without specific applications
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,One of the most important elements of critical thinking is to separate _____ from
concepts. - ANSWER-facts
In terms of ethics, critical thinking is least likely to involve identifying - ANSWER-
an alternative path to avoid a difficult decision
Who have the power to define behavior as illegal and, therefore, punishable? -
ANSWER-legislators
Braswell (1996/2002: 8) proposed five goals of ethics. What is one of these? -
ANSWER-developing wholesight
Which aspect of work is least likely to be an ethical concern for police officers? -
ANSWER-working too much overtime
Philosophers widely believe that only humans can be moral (or immoral) because
of our capacity to - ANSWER-reason
An act that goes above and beyond one's duty is known as - ANSWER-
superogatory
Which characteristic is least applicable to the ethical issues that criminal justice
professionals face? - ANSWER-the issues are avoidable
Normative ethics focuses on what people - ANSWER-ought to do
Questions that concern the government's social control mechanisms and the
impact of those mechanisms on the governed are called - ANSWER-ethical issues
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,What is an important characteristic of facts that distinguishes them from moral
judgments? - ANSWER-facts are capable of scientific proof
Which element is not a requirement for determining if an act can be judged as
moral/ethical? - ANSWER-the act must be intentional
The typical individual ______ ethical issues - ANSWER-does not have control
over
_____ imply a choice or judgment and indicate the relative importance that one
assigns to personal beliefs. - ANSWER-values
Aristotle did not believe that bad behavior - ANSWER-comes from ignorance
Elements of desirability, worth, and importance can best be defined as -
ANSWER-values
A ______ arises when an individual is forced to choose between two or more
behaviors. - ANSWER-personal ethical dilemma
Meta-ethics investigates whether an ethical system - ANSWER-is relative or
universal
Relativists believe that _____ determines what is right - ANSWER-cultural values
The principle of forfeiture is what kind of system? - ANSWER-deontological
Which ethical system is concerned solely with the inherent nature of acts being
judged? - ANSWER-deontological
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, According to the concept of ethical formalism, the key factor in determining
whether an act is moral is - ANSWER-the actor's motive or intent
Which characteristic is not part of Braswell and Gold's peacemaking process? -
ANSWER-merit
According to Immanuel Kant, a person can control his or her - ANSWER-actions
The claim "virtue is always the median between two extremes" is known as -
ANSWER-the Golden Mean
Which system is deontological, and judges acts but not consequences? -
ANSWER-ethical formalism
Of the following, who is best known as an egoist? - ANSWER-Ayn Rand
Which system determines what is moral based on what is good for an individual's
survival and personal happiness? - ANSWER-egoism
Ethical formalism emphasizes that individuals must not - ANSWER-be used as a
means to an end
Which idea claims that there is an inherent universal set of rights and wrongs in the
world? - ANSWER-natural law
Which doctrine claims that a person's actions should maximize happiness for the
greatest number of people? - ANSWER-utilitarianism
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
