NU 308 Diabetes & Burns (WITH Handout)
Bushey UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Do you remember what causes Type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - The pancreas is
unable to make inuslin d/t the autoimmune system attacking the beta islet cells
*meaning insulin cant reach the cells to be used for energy
Type 1 is different from Type 2 because with Type 1 is an absolute insulin defining where as
Type 2 is a problem is with... - CORRECT ANSWER - An increase in insulin resistance
DM results in an altered metabolism of... - CORRECT ANSWER - -Glucose
-Fats
-PRO
Type 1 DM used to be called juvenile diabetes but is now considered anything onset prior to... -
CORRECT ANSWER - 30 years
What are some of the risk factors associated with developing T1DM? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Family history (1st or 2nd degree or identical siblings)
-Specific HLA gene cluster (40-60% increased risk)
-Environmental causes
What are some S&S associated with *Type 1* DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - -DKA (if
undiagnosed)
-Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia
,-Weight loss up to 7-10%
-Severe Fluid deficit
-N/V
-Abdominal pain
-Hyperventilation (Kussmaul)
We see polyuria in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - There is in an increase
glucose (solute) in the blood vs cells that fluid into the vasculature
We see polydipsia in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - Because of the body getting
rid of all the water = thirsty
We see polyphagia in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - Because the body is still
lacking the glucose in the cells it needs so the body attempts to eat more
Why do we see hyperventilation with DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - Because the body
uses this in an attempt to get rid of excess acid (CO2) and compensate for a metabolic problem
Do you remember the normal range for pCO2? - CORRECT ANSWER - 35 - 45
DM can be diagnosed via what tests? - CORRECT ANSWER - -FBS
-HbA1C
-Islet Cell Antibodies
-C-Peptides
A fasting blood sugar for diabetes is considered if there blood sugar is over... - CORRECT
ANSWER - <126 mg/dL
,If a FBS is above >______ coupled with S&S of diabetes, then this qualifies as a positive
diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - >200 mg/dL
An FBS may also be coupled with a GTT. What is this? - CORRECT ANSWER -A
glucose tolerance test
An HbA1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) may also be done. This test is done to monitor for what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - BG control - can help show how well they have controlled their
blood sugar over the past 2-3 months because it binds to the RBC and glucose to indicate their
history
*2-3 months because this the how long RBCs live
What is a normal HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4-6%
Anything above a ____% HbA1C is considered positive for diabetes. - CORRECT
ANSWER - 6.5%
For diabetics, we really want them to stay under ____% especially if they are under ____ years
old. - CORRECT ANSWER - 7.5%; 19 years old
Islet cell antibodies can also help indicate diabetes if they are... - CORRECT ANSWER -
Positive
And C-Peptides can help indicates diabetes if they are.... - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased
What are C-Peptides? - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of the insulin molecule that is
secreted 1:1 with insulin that measures pancreatic beta cells fucntion
-but C-Peptides stay in the blood longer so easier to detect
, Decreased C-Peptides in general indicated diabetes, however, they may be increased with Type 2
DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - There is some insulin resistance
How is Diabetes treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin and BG management
*Review Insulins* - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the 4 major types of insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Rapid-Acting
-Short-Acting
-Intermediate-Acting
-Long-Acting
What are some various types of rapid acting insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Lispro
(Humalog)
-Aspart (Novalog, Fiasp)
-Glulisine (Apidra)
Explain the the onset, peak and duration for the following:
Rapid - CORRECT ANSWER - *Onset:* ~15 minutes
*Peak:* 30min - 2hr
*Duration:* 3-5 hours
What are some various types of short acting insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Regular
(Humaulin R, Novolin R)
Explain the the onset, peak and duration for the following:
Bushey UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Do you remember what causes Type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - The pancreas is
unable to make inuslin d/t the autoimmune system attacking the beta islet cells
*meaning insulin cant reach the cells to be used for energy
Type 1 is different from Type 2 because with Type 1 is an absolute insulin defining where as
Type 2 is a problem is with... - CORRECT ANSWER - An increase in insulin resistance
DM results in an altered metabolism of... - CORRECT ANSWER - -Glucose
-Fats
-PRO
Type 1 DM used to be called juvenile diabetes but is now considered anything onset prior to... -
CORRECT ANSWER - 30 years
What are some of the risk factors associated with developing T1DM? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Family history (1st or 2nd degree or identical siblings)
-Specific HLA gene cluster (40-60% increased risk)
-Environmental causes
What are some S&S associated with *Type 1* DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - -DKA (if
undiagnosed)
-Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia
,-Weight loss up to 7-10%
-Severe Fluid deficit
-N/V
-Abdominal pain
-Hyperventilation (Kussmaul)
We see polyuria in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - There is in an increase
glucose (solute) in the blood vs cells that fluid into the vasculature
We see polydipsia in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - Because of the body getting
rid of all the water = thirsty
We see polyphagia in DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - Because the body is still
lacking the glucose in the cells it needs so the body attempts to eat more
Why do we see hyperventilation with DM? - CORRECT ANSWER - Because the body
uses this in an attempt to get rid of excess acid (CO2) and compensate for a metabolic problem
Do you remember the normal range for pCO2? - CORRECT ANSWER - 35 - 45
DM can be diagnosed via what tests? - CORRECT ANSWER - -FBS
-HbA1C
-Islet Cell Antibodies
-C-Peptides
A fasting blood sugar for diabetes is considered if there blood sugar is over... - CORRECT
ANSWER - <126 mg/dL
,If a FBS is above >______ coupled with S&S of diabetes, then this qualifies as a positive
diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - >200 mg/dL
An FBS may also be coupled with a GTT. What is this? - CORRECT ANSWER -A
glucose tolerance test
An HbA1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) may also be done. This test is done to monitor for what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - BG control - can help show how well they have controlled their
blood sugar over the past 2-3 months because it binds to the RBC and glucose to indicate their
history
*2-3 months because this the how long RBCs live
What is a normal HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4-6%
Anything above a ____% HbA1C is considered positive for diabetes. - CORRECT
ANSWER - 6.5%
For diabetics, we really want them to stay under ____% especially if they are under ____ years
old. - CORRECT ANSWER - 7.5%; 19 years old
Islet cell antibodies can also help indicate diabetes if they are... - CORRECT ANSWER -
Positive
And C-Peptides can help indicates diabetes if they are.... - CORRECT ANSWER -
Decreased
What are C-Peptides? - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of the insulin molecule that is
secreted 1:1 with insulin that measures pancreatic beta cells fucntion
-but C-Peptides stay in the blood longer so easier to detect
, Decreased C-Peptides in general indicated diabetes, however, they may be increased with Type 2
DM because... - CORRECT ANSWER - There is some insulin resistance
How is Diabetes treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin and BG management
*Review Insulins* - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the 4 major types of insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Rapid-Acting
-Short-Acting
-Intermediate-Acting
-Long-Acting
What are some various types of rapid acting insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Lispro
(Humalog)
-Aspart (Novalog, Fiasp)
-Glulisine (Apidra)
Explain the the onset, peak and duration for the following:
Rapid - CORRECT ANSWER - *Onset:* ~15 minutes
*Peak:* 30min - 2hr
*Duration:* 3-5 hours
What are some various types of short acting insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Regular
(Humaulin R, Novolin R)
Explain the the onset, peak and duration for the following:
