PLTW - Medical Interventions Final Exam
Study Guide With Complete Solution
What is a medical intervention? - -Any measure whose purpose is to improve
health or alter the course of a disease
-What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain
human health? - -Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
-How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an
infectious disease? - -1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with
other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain
DNA sequences
-What is bioinformatics? - -The collection, classification, storage, and
analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers.
(Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
-How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - -You can
observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
-What is an antibody? - -A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells (B-
Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific
part of it.
-How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - -1. Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the
foreign antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
-How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - -1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
-Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease
antigen present in a patient's system? - -Higher concentration = closer to
patient zero
-Patient Zero - -The first person to be infected with a particular disease
-What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread
of a disease outbreak? - -1. Record the symptoms
, 2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
-How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's
campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - -These tests determine the
concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
-Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific
surfaces? - -Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the
bacteria that facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
-Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - -rRNA, tRNA,
and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
-What is an endotoxin? - -A toxin that is inherently present inside a bacterial
cell
-What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - -Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
-How do antibiotics work to fight bacteria? - -•Inhibit the cell wall
•Stop bacteria from reproducing/sharing resistant DNA
-Penicillin - -An antibiotic that penetrates and destroys the cell wall of gram
negative bacteria
-Tetracycline - -An antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis (reproduction) of
mostly gram positive, but some gram negative bacteria
-Fluoroquinolones - -An antibiotic that inhibits the DNA gyrase of gram
negative bacteria
-Sulfa Antibiotics - -An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid synthesis and growth
of gram positive and negative bacteria
-Folic Acid - -Vitamin that helps the organism produce and maintain healthy
cells
Study Guide With Complete Solution
What is a medical intervention? - -Any measure whose purpose is to improve
health or alter the course of a disease
-What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain
human health? - -Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
-How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an
infectious disease? - -1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with
other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain
DNA sequences
-What is bioinformatics? - -The collection, classification, storage, and
analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers.
(Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
-How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - -You can
observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
-What is an antibody? - -A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells (B-
Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific
part of it.
-How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - -1. Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the
foreign antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
-How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - -1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
-Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease
antigen present in a patient's system? - -Higher concentration = closer to
patient zero
-Patient Zero - -The first person to be infected with a particular disease
-What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread
of a disease outbreak? - -1. Record the symptoms
, 2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
-How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's
campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - -These tests determine the
concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
-Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific
surfaces? - -Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the
bacteria that facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
-Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - -rRNA, tRNA,
and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
-What is an endotoxin? - -A toxin that is inherently present inside a bacterial
cell
-What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - -Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
-How do antibiotics work to fight bacteria? - -•Inhibit the cell wall
•Stop bacteria from reproducing/sharing resistant DNA
-Penicillin - -An antibiotic that penetrates and destroys the cell wall of gram
negative bacteria
-Tetracycline - -An antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis (reproduction) of
mostly gram positive, but some gram negative bacteria
-Fluoroquinolones - -An antibiotic that inhibits the DNA gyrase of gram
negative bacteria
-Sulfa Antibiotics - -An antibiotic that inhibits folic acid synthesis and growth
of gram positive and negative bacteria
-Folic Acid - -Vitamin that helps the organism produce and maintain healthy
cells
