NR 511 Differen al Diagnosis and Primary Care- Final
Exam Review RATEDD A+ 2025/2026
ics
GI Disorders
Ulcera ve coli s
A 38-year-old male pa ent has recently had an ileostomy for ulcera ve coli s. Which self-care
measures should the clinician teach him about to relieve food blockage?
massage the peristomal area
Diver culi s
Which of the following is true regarding diver cula
obesity is correlated
Le! lower quadrant abdominal pain for 2 days, the pain started suddenly and then fever, chills,
anorexia, nausea and painless bloody stools.
Acute diver culi s
An 82-year-old female has been diagnosed with irritable bowel, chronic cons pa on, and
diver culosis following a colonoscopy. Which pharmacological agent should the clinician
recommend?
bulk laxa ve
Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for the
pa ent with irritable bowel syndrome?
High fiber diet
A 35-year-old female patent is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the
following should be included in the history and physical exam?
digital rectal exam, Sexual history, Pelvic exam
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
,A 28-year-old patent is seen in the clinic with colicky abdominal pain, par cularly with meals.
She has
frequent cons pa on, flatulence, and abdominal distension. Which of the data make a
diagnosis of
diver culi s unlikely?
Her age
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
C. diff Defini on and Risk factors
AD
C. diff Symptoms
C. diff Diagnosis
C. diff Treatment
GERD pathophysiology
symptoms of GERD
A 54-year-old female presents to your primary care office for rou ne reevalua on for
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). She has been treated with diet modifica ons and 6
weeks of omeprazole without improvement of her symptoms. What is the next step in the
management of this pa ent's GERD?
Order an endoscopy (This is the next step in treatment in order to evaluate the e ology of the
pa ent's
GERD and consider biopsy if necessary)
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
A 67-year-old female on mul ple medica ons for chronic condi ons was just diagnosed with
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In teaching the pa ent about the disease, what
medica on should the clinician recommend that the pa ent refrain from using?
,nonsteroidal an -inflammatory drugs
The pa ent with gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
should be instructed to eliminate which of these ac vi es?
Weight li!ing
A pa ent is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain
accompanied by nausea, vomi ng, and diaphoresis, in addi on to
nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list
of differen al diagnoses?
Pancrea s, pep c ulcer disease, diver culi s, All of
the above
A pa ent is diagnosed with Giardia a!er a backpacking trip in
the mountains. Which of the following would be the appropriate
treatment?
Metrinidazole
AD
A pa ent is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant (RUQ)
pain that is radia ng to the middle of the back. The clinician
suspects acute cholelithiasis. The clinician should expect which of
the following laboratory findings?
Elevated alkaline phosphatase
A pa ent is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD), and his endoscopic report reveals the presence of
BarreBs epithelium. Which of the following informa on should the
clinician include in the explana on of the pathology
This is a premalignant ssue, This ssue is resistant to
gastric acid, This ssue supports healing of the esophagus:
All of the above
which of the following dietary informa on should be given to a
pa ent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Eliminate coffee
, Mark has necro zing fascii s of his le! lower extremity.
Pressure on the skin reveals crepitus due
to gas produc on by which anaerobic bacteria?
Clostridium perfringens
A pa ent is diagnosed with GERD, the clinician knows that she misunderstands the teaching
when she says:
stop smoking
eat smaller meals
-have a snack before re ring for bed.
a pa ent presents to the clinic with a dry cough, non smoker, for 5 weeks. the cough increases
at night, he reports episodes of heartburn a!er meals. what should the differen al include?
GERD
A 64-year-old obese woman comes in complaining of difficulty swallowing for the past 3 weeks.
She states that "some foods get stuck" and she has been having "heartburn" at night when she
lies down, especially if she has had a heavy meal. Occasionally, she awakes at night coughing.
She denies weight gain and/or weight loss, vomi ng, or change in bowel movements or color of
stools. She denies alcohol and tobacco use. There is no per nent family history or findings on
review of systems (ROS). Physical examina on is normal, with no abdominal tenderness, and
the stool is occult blood (OB) nega ve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
GERD
Mr. J. K., 38 years old, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 189 pounds. He reports that he has had
intermiBent heartburn for several months for which he takes Tums with temporary relief. He
has been waking during the night with a burning sensa on in his chest. Which addi onal
informa on's would lead
you to believe that gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause of his pain?
He awakens at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth
Which of the following dietary informa on's should be given to a patent with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)
Stop coffee
PUD
AD
Exam Review RATEDD A+ 2025/2026
ics
GI Disorders
Ulcera ve coli s
A 38-year-old male pa ent has recently had an ileostomy for ulcera ve coli s. Which self-care
measures should the clinician teach him about to relieve food blockage?
massage the peristomal area
Diver culi s
Which of the following is true regarding diver cula
obesity is correlated
Le! lower quadrant abdominal pain for 2 days, the pain started suddenly and then fever, chills,
anorexia, nausea and painless bloody stools.
Acute diver culi s
An 82-year-old female has been diagnosed with irritable bowel, chronic cons pa on, and
diver culosis following a colonoscopy. Which pharmacological agent should the clinician
recommend?
bulk laxa ve
Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for the
pa ent with irritable bowel syndrome?
High fiber diet
A 35-year-old female patent is seen in the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the
following should be included in the history and physical exam?
digital rectal exam, Sexual history, Pelvic exam
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
,A 28-year-old patent is seen in the clinic with colicky abdominal pain, par cularly with meals.
She has
frequent cons pa on, flatulence, and abdominal distension. Which of the data make a
diagnosis of
diver culi s unlikely?
Her age
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
C. diff Defini on and Risk factors
AD
C. diff Symptoms
C. diff Diagnosis
C. diff Treatment
GERD pathophysiology
symptoms of GERD
A 54-year-old female presents to your primary care office for rou ne reevalua on for
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). She has been treated with diet modifica ons and 6
weeks of omeprazole without improvement of her symptoms. What is the next step in the
management of this pa ent's GERD?
Order an endoscopy (This is the next step in treatment in order to evaluate the e ology of the
pa ent's
GERD and consider biopsy if necessary)
We have an expert-wri+en solu on to this problem!
A 67-year-old female on mul ple medica ons for chronic condi ons was just diagnosed with
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In teaching the pa ent about the disease, what
medica on should the clinician recommend that the pa ent refrain from using?
,nonsteroidal an -inflammatory drugs
The pa ent with gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
should be instructed to eliminate which of these ac vi es?
Weight li!ing
A pa ent is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain
accompanied by nausea, vomi ng, and diaphoresis, in addi on to
nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list
of differen al diagnoses?
Pancrea s, pep c ulcer disease, diver culi s, All of
the above
A pa ent is diagnosed with Giardia a!er a backpacking trip in
the mountains. Which of the following would be the appropriate
treatment?
Metrinidazole
AD
A pa ent is seen in the clinic with right upper quadrant (RUQ)
pain that is radia ng to the middle of the back. The clinician
suspects acute cholelithiasis. The clinician should expect which of
the following laboratory findings?
Elevated alkaline phosphatase
A pa ent is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD), and his endoscopic report reveals the presence of
BarreBs epithelium. Which of the following informa on should the
clinician include in the explana on of the pathology
This is a premalignant ssue, This ssue is resistant to
gastric acid, This ssue supports healing of the esophagus:
All of the above
which of the following dietary informa on should be given to a
pa ent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Eliminate coffee
, Mark has necro zing fascii s of his le! lower extremity.
Pressure on the skin reveals crepitus due
to gas produc on by which anaerobic bacteria?
Clostridium perfringens
A pa ent is diagnosed with GERD, the clinician knows that she misunderstands the teaching
when she says:
stop smoking
eat smaller meals
-have a snack before re ring for bed.
a pa ent presents to the clinic with a dry cough, non smoker, for 5 weeks. the cough increases
at night, he reports episodes of heartburn a!er meals. what should the differen al include?
GERD
A 64-year-old obese woman comes in complaining of difficulty swallowing for the past 3 weeks.
She states that "some foods get stuck" and she has been having "heartburn" at night when she
lies down, especially if she has had a heavy meal. Occasionally, she awakes at night coughing.
She denies weight gain and/or weight loss, vomi ng, or change in bowel movements or color of
stools. She denies alcohol and tobacco use. There is no per nent family history or findings on
review of systems (ROS). Physical examina on is normal, with no abdominal tenderness, and
the stool is occult blood (OB) nega ve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
GERD
Mr. J. K., 38 years old, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 189 pounds. He reports that he has had
intermiBent heartburn for several months for which he takes Tums with temporary relief. He
has been waking during the night with a burning sensa on in his chest. Which addi onal
informa on's would lead
you to believe that gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the cause of his pain?
He awakens at night coughing with a bad taste in his mouth
Which of the following dietary informa on's should be given to a patent with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)
Stop coffee
PUD
AD
