CAS 154 Final Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
AIDS/HIV AND HARM REDUCTION - Answers:)
Review CDC Hepatitis Fact Sheet - AnswersHCV or Hepatitis C
Liver disease
-Contact with blood
-Contact through drug use needles
-moms can transfer to child in birth
-75-85 percent chronically infected
-70 percent develop liver disease
-leading cause of liver transplants
Review article on Needle Exchange Programs - AnswersExchange a dirty needle for a clean one
Marlatt's opinion on Harm Reduction - Answersumbrella term for interventions aiming to reduce
the problematic effects of behaviors . Believed that harm reduction was an alternative to
recovering from drugs - abstinence is not the only option
Factors that influence increased risk for HIV/AIDS - Answers-Drug users (dirty needles)
-African American and Hispanic populations
-The Gays
HIV infection rates and women - Answers23% of HIV cases in the US are women. Transgender
women who have sex with men are at highest risk for HIV infection.
List 4 methods of harm reduction - Answers- needle exchange program
-methadone maintenance. A client takes a dose of the opiod methadone, which eliminates
effects of opiod withdrawal but does not have detrimental effects on everyday functioning.
Orally taken. Relatively normal life, as long as you take this everyday. Still addicted, just reducing
harm
-designated drivers so that others can partake in drugs or alcohol, specifically towards minors
,who should not be drinking at all
-Narcan or Naloxone, reverse overdose for people who have taken too much heroin or opiods,
people can carry drug on them to help others.
AOD AND STDS - Answers:)
Counselor implications in working with individuals with STDs - Answers-societal stigma can
result in a client's failure to disclose related information to a counselor
-empathetic and nonjudgmental approach, assurance of confidentiality, and knowledge of STDs
and AOD use is essential in developing a therapeutic alliance
-counselor may provide services designed to increase education and awareness of STDs;
facilitate a client risk-assessment for STDs; and assist clients in developing STD risk-reduction
goals.
Viral STDs - Answers- HPV is the fastest growing viral (incurable) STD
-Herpes is the second most common viral STD.
Bacterial STDs - Answers-Trichomoniasis or "trich" is the most common bacterial (curable) STD.
-Chlamydia is the second most common bacterial STD.
American Statistics of prevalence of STDs - AnswersThere is a higher prevalence of STDs
among teens than among adults.
Young women may be biologically more susceptible to chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV than
older women
While at least one in three Americans will get an STD in their lifetime, the majority think the rate
is one in ten or fewer
, by age 24, at least one in three sexually active people are estimated to have contracted an STD
Long-term complications of STDs - Answersa variety of cancers, infertility, ectopic pregnancy
and miscarriage, and other chronic diseases
STD protection - Answersmaking decisions about sex and sticking to them no matter what;
abstinence; having only one sexual partner; and using condoms.
AOD use and risky sexual behavior in youth - AnswersPeople who are using AOD put themselves
at risk to change their minds about abstinence.
AOD use decreases the likelihood to communicate past sexual history and increases the
likelihood for casual sex.
AOD use can compromise a decision to use a condom every time or cause carelessness so that
the condom breaks or slips.
ACOA AND FAMILIES - Answers:)
Family Rules - AnswersOvert family rules: openly communicated and highly visible to the family
members so that they encourage ownership, participation and negotiation
Covert Family Rules: are unspoken and tend to be rigid because they are not open for
discussion or negotiation
Weigsheider's 5 Family Roles - AnswersChief enabler: is often the spouse or the parent of an
addicted person. It is the person who is closest and most depended on by the addicted person.
The dependent is the addicted person.
Family Hero:the person who can see and hear more of what is really happening in the family and
begins to feel responsible for the family pain.
Scapegoat: is the one who is in the family public eye. often it is in running away, refusing to be
part of the family, getting pregnant, using chemicals,
Lost child: is one who has learned not to make close connections in the family. Solitude, offer
AIDS/HIV AND HARM REDUCTION - Answers:)
Review CDC Hepatitis Fact Sheet - AnswersHCV or Hepatitis C
Liver disease
-Contact with blood
-Contact through drug use needles
-moms can transfer to child in birth
-75-85 percent chronically infected
-70 percent develop liver disease
-leading cause of liver transplants
Review article on Needle Exchange Programs - AnswersExchange a dirty needle for a clean one
Marlatt's opinion on Harm Reduction - Answersumbrella term for interventions aiming to reduce
the problematic effects of behaviors . Believed that harm reduction was an alternative to
recovering from drugs - abstinence is not the only option
Factors that influence increased risk for HIV/AIDS - Answers-Drug users (dirty needles)
-African American and Hispanic populations
-The Gays
HIV infection rates and women - Answers23% of HIV cases in the US are women. Transgender
women who have sex with men are at highest risk for HIV infection.
List 4 methods of harm reduction - Answers- needle exchange program
-methadone maintenance. A client takes a dose of the opiod methadone, which eliminates
effects of opiod withdrawal but does not have detrimental effects on everyday functioning.
Orally taken. Relatively normal life, as long as you take this everyday. Still addicted, just reducing
harm
-designated drivers so that others can partake in drugs or alcohol, specifically towards minors
,who should not be drinking at all
-Narcan or Naloxone, reverse overdose for people who have taken too much heroin or opiods,
people can carry drug on them to help others.
AOD AND STDS - Answers:)
Counselor implications in working with individuals with STDs - Answers-societal stigma can
result in a client's failure to disclose related information to a counselor
-empathetic and nonjudgmental approach, assurance of confidentiality, and knowledge of STDs
and AOD use is essential in developing a therapeutic alliance
-counselor may provide services designed to increase education and awareness of STDs;
facilitate a client risk-assessment for STDs; and assist clients in developing STD risk-reduction
goals.
Viral STDs - Answers- HPV is the fastest growing viral (incurable) STD
-Herpes is the second most common viral STD.
Bacterial STDs - Answers-Trichomoniasis or "trich" is the most common bacterial (curable) STD.
-Chlamydia is the second most common bacterial STD.
American Statistics of prevalence of STDs - AnswersThere is a higher prevalence of STDs
among teens than among adults.
Young women may be biologically more susceptible to chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV than
older women
While at least one in three Americans will get an STD in their lifetime, the majority think the rate
is one in ten or fewer
, by age 24, at least one in three sexually active people are estimated to have contracted an STD
Long-term complications of STDs - Answersa variety of cancers, infertility, ectopic pregnancy
and miscarriage, and other chronic diseases
STD protection - Answersmaking decisions about sex and sticking to them no matter what;
abstinence; having only one sexual partner; and using condoms.
AOD use and risky sexual behavior in youth - AnswersPeople who are using AOD put themselves
at risk to change their minds about abstinence.
AOD use decreases the likelihood to communicate past sexual history and increases the
likelihood for casual sex.
AOD use can compromise a decision to use a condom every time or cause carelessness so that
the condom breaks or slips.
ACOA AND FAMILIES - Answers:)
Family Rules - AnswersOvert family rules: openly communicated and highly visible to the family
members so that they encourage ownership, participation and negotiation
Covert Family Rules: are unspoken and tend to be rigid because they are not open for
discussion or negotiation
Weigsheider's 5 Family Roles - AnswersChief enabler: is often the spouse or the parent of an
addicted person. It is the person who is closest and most depended on by the addicted person.
The dependent is the addicted person.
Family Hero:the person who can see and hear more of what is really happening in the family and
begins to feel responsible for the family pain.
Scapegoat: is the one who is in the family public eye. often it is in running away, refusing to be
part of the family, getting pregnant, using chemicals,
Lost child: is one who has learned not to make close connections in the family. Solitude, offer
