1
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
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Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
excellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
believed the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
equality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule
oflaw to provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to
live a proper life in the service of God. The role of government changed in the
early sixteenth century by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively
promoting the role of limited government to protect private property and
individual rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According sto sPlato sthe sphilosopher-king’s swisdom sand sintellect swould spromote
s order, sstability sand sjustice. sYet, sAristotle stakes sa smore srealistic sview sof
sAthenian s society sby sadvocating sthe sbest sform sof sgovernment sas sa spolity,
swhich scombined s oligarchic sand sdemocratic selements sto sproduce spolitical
sstability. sThe sRomans s combined smonarchical, saristocratic, sand sdemocratic
sprinciples sas sa smixed s government swithin srepresentative sbodies slike sthe
sSenate sand sthe sAssembly sin s order s to schampion sthe scauses sof sboth sthe srich
sand sthe spoor. sGovernment sin stheMiddle s Ages swas sdetermined sthrough sdivine
sright, swhereby sa smonarch sor sPope s was s ordained sby sGod sto srule. sHence,
swisdom sand svirtue srested swithin sthese sfew s individuals swho sgoverned sto
spromote sreligious slife sand sprotect sthe sreligious s establishment. sThe
sRenaissance, sProtestant sReformation, sand sEnlightenment s Periods sshifted sthe
srole sof sgovernment sfrom supholding sreligious sdoctrine sto s secular s concerns,
ssuch sas sprotecting sinalienable srights, sincluding sprivate s property, sand
s promoting scommerce. sIn sturn, sEnlightenment spolitical
© s2023 sTaylor s& sFrancis
, 4
philosophers slargely sappealed sto sindividualism sand snot sreligious shierarchy sas
sameans s to sprovide sorder sand sstability sin swhich sindividuals scould sflourish.
Q3 What slessons sabout sgovernment sdid scolonial sAmericans sdraw sfrom sthe shistory
sofancient sGreece sand s Rome?
A3 Plato swas ssuspicious sof sdemocracy’s srule sof sthe smany sbecause sgood
sgovernment s would sdecay sinto smob srule. sHence, sthe spassions sof sthe smasses
sneeded sto sbe s quelled s by smore saristocratic selements. sWith sthis sproblem sin
smind, sthe sFramers softhe sU.S. s Constitution sreferenced sthe sinstitutional sdesign sof
sthe sRoman srepublic sadhered sto s the stradition sof smixed sgovernment sinitially
sexpounded sby sAristotle s and sthe sRomans. s This swas smaintained sin sthe sindirect
sselection sof sboth sthe sSenateand sthe spresidency s within sthe sConstitution.
sAristotle salso sadvocated smixing saristocratic sand sdemocratic s elements sin sa
sgoverning sstructure scalled sa spolity. sIn seffect, sthis sgovernmental sdesign
s allowed sthe sfew sand sthe smany sto sparticipate sin sthe spolitics sproviding san
sorderly s society swhere sthe spoor sshould sbe sable sto sselect s government sofficials
swho swere sheld s accountable. sThis swas salso smade smanifest sinthe sConstitution
swith sits saristocratic-like s Senate sand sthe smore sdemocratic sHouse sof
sRepresentatives. sThus sthe sAmerican s republic’s sConstitution sestablished
sinstitutional spowers sto sgovern saccording sto sthe s rule sof slaw. sWhile sthe
sFramers srejected sthe sreligious shierarchy sof sthe sMiddle sAges, s they sappealed
sto sinalienable srights sendowed supon severy sindividual sby sGod, sper sthe
s writings sof sJohn sLocke, sin swhich sa sjust sgovernment sand ssociety scould snot sbe
s impeded.
Q4 What scircumstances sled sEuropeans sto sleave stheir shomelands sto ssettle sin sAmerica?
A4 Individuals simmigrated sto sthe scolonies sto sescape sreligious spersecution sand scivil
s unrest safter sthe sEnglish sCivil sWar sand sto spursue ssocial sand seconomic
s opportunities. s Colonists senjoyed sa svast sarray sof snatural sresources sand sa
slarge s geographical sarea s where sfreedom sof sreligion sand seconomic
sopportunity sflourished. sAlso, stheir s heterogeneous ssocial scomposition sas swell sas
scontinual spromotion sof sideals, ssuch sas s equality sand stolerance, stended sto
spromote spolitical sfreedom sat sthe ssame stime sthat s social sexpansion sof sthe
spopulation swas soccurring.
Q5 What sdid sdemocracy smean sto sour scolonial sancestors, sand sdid sthey sapprove sit?
A5 The scolonists swere sskeptical sof sdemocracy sand sviewed sthis stype sof sgoverning
s authority sas smob srule. sSociety swas slargely sseen sas ssegmented sinto sthose swho
s should s rule sand sthose swho sshould snot. sIn sfact, sthe sFounders sbelieved sthat sthe
selite s(well- s educated, sland sowners) sshould soccupy spositions sof sleadership.
sThus, s an saristocratic s element swithin sgovernment swas snecessary sto sprotect
sagainst sthethreat sof smob srule s historically sassociated swith sdemocracy.
sFundamentally, sthe sidea sof srepublicanism s was spromoted sas san sideal sat sa
shigher slevel sthan s democracy. sThis swas smade smost s manifest sin sthe stendency sto
sprefer smixed
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
, 3
Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
excellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
believed the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
equality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule
oflaw to provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to
live a proper life in the service of God. The role of government changed in the
early sixteenth century by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively
promoting the role of limited government to protect private property and
individual rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According sto sPlato sthe sphilosopher-king’s swisdom sand sintellect swould spromote
s order, sstability sand sjustice. sYet, sAristotle stakes sa smore srealistic sview sof
sAthenian s society sby sadvocating sthe sbest sform sof sgovernment sas sa spolity,
swhich scombined s oligarchic sand sdemocratic selements sto sproduce spolitical
sstability. sThe sRomans s combined smonarchical, saristocratic, sand sdemocratic
sprinciples sas sa smixed s government swithin srepresentative sbodies slike sthe
sSenate sand sthe sAssembly sin s order s to schampion sthe scauses sof sboth sthe srich
sand sthe spoor. sGovernment sin stheMiddle s Ages swas sdetermined sthrough sdivine
sright, swhereby sa smonarch sor sPope s was s ordained sby sGod sto srule. sHence,
swisdom sand svirtue srested swithin sthese sfew s individuals swho sgoverned sto
spromote sreligious slife sand sprotect sthe sreligious s establishment. sThe
sRenaissance, sProtestant sReformation, sand sEnlightenment s Periods sshifted sthe
srole sof sgovernment sfrom supholding sreligious sdoctrine sto s secular s concerns,
ssuch sas sprotecting sinalienable srights, sincluding sprivate s property, sand
s promoting scommerce. sIn sturn, sEnlightenment spolitical
© s2023 sTaylor s& sFrancis
, 4
philosophers slargely sappealed sto sindividualism sand snot sreligious shierarchy sas
sameans s to sprovide sorder sand sstability sin swhich sindividuals scould sflourish.
Q3 What slessons sabout sgovernment sdid scolonial sAmericans sdraw sfrom sthe shistory
sofancient sGreece sand s Rome?
A3 Plato swas ssuspicious sof sdemocracy’s srule sof sthe smany sbecause sgood
sgovernment s would sdecay sinto smob srule. sHence, sthe spassions sof sthe smasses
sneeded sto sbe s quelled s by smore saristocratic selements. sWith sthis sproblem sin
smind, sthe sFramers softhe sU.S. s Constitution sreferenced sthe sinstitutional sdesign sof
sthe sRoman srepublic sadhered sto s the stradition sof smixed sgovernment sinitially
sexpounded sby sAristotle s and sthe sRomans. s This swas smaintained sin sthe sindirect
sselection sof sboth sthe sSenateand sthe spresidency s within sthe sConstitution.
sAristotle salso sadvocated smixing saristocratic sand sdemocratic s elements sin sa
sgoverning sstructure scalled sa spolity. sIn seffect, sthis sgovernmental sdesign
s allowed sthe sfew sand sthe smany sto sparticipate sin sthe spolitics sproviding san
sorderly s society swhere sthe spoor sshould sbe sable sto sselect s government sofficials
swho swere sheld s accountable. sThis swas salso smade smanifest sinthe sConstitution
swith sits saristocratic-like s Senate sand sthe smore sdemocratic sHouse sof
sRepresentatives. sThus sthe sAmerican s republic’s sConstitution sestablished
sinstitutional spowers sto sgovern saccording sto sthe s rule sof slaw. sWhile sthe
sFramers srejected sthe sreligious shierarchy sof sthe sMiddle sAges, s they sappealed
sto sinalienable srights sendowed supon severy sindividual sby sGod, sper sthe
s writings sof sJohn sLocke, sin swhich sa sjust sgovernment sand ssociety scould snot sbe
s impeded.
Q4 What scircumstances sled sEuropeans sto sleave stheir shomelands sto ssettle sin sAmerica?
A4 Individuals simmigrated sto sthe scolonies sto sescape sreligious spersecution sand scivil
s unrest safter sthe sEnglish sCivil sWar sand sto spursue ssocial sand seconomic
s opportunities. s Colonists senjoyed sa svast sarray sof snatural sresources sand sa
slarge s geographical sarea s where sfreedom sof sreligion sand seconomic
sopportunity sflourished. sAlso, stheir s heterogeneous ssocial scomposition sas swell sas
scontinual spromotion sof sideals, ssuch sas s equality sand stolerance, stended sto
spromote spolitical sfreedom sat sthe ssame stime sthat s social sexpansion sof sthe
spopulation swas soccurring.
Q5 What sdid sdemocracy smean sto sour scolonial sancestors, sand sdid sthey sapprove sit?
A5 The scolonists swere sskeptical sof sdemocracy sand sviewed sthis stype sof sgoverning
s authority sas smob srule. sSociety swas slargely sseen sas ssegmented sinto sthose swho
s should s rule sand sthose swho sshould snot. sIn sfact, sthe sFounders sbelieved sthat sthe
selite s(well- s educated, sland sowners) sshould soccupy spositions sof sleadership.
sThus, s an saristocratic s element swithin sgovernment swas snecessary sto sprotect
sagainst sthethreat sof smob srule s historically sassociated swith sdemocracy.
sFundamentally, sthe sidea sof srepublicanism s was spromoted sas san sideal sat sa
shigher slevel sthan s democracy. sThis swas smade smost s manifest sin sthe stendency sto
sprefer smixed
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
