NURSING FINAL
EXAM
QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT
AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH
A GUARANTEED
A AND WELL
ELABORATE
RATIONALE
,How can you estimate a client's tidal volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Tidal volume
can be estimated by observing the depth of the client's respirations.
What is the range of normal for an adult's respiratory rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS -A
rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute is normal for adults
Besides the rate, what other characteristics of a client's respirations should you
observe? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Depth, rhythm, effort, breath sounds, and chest
movement should be observed in addition to rate.
What are some common clinical signs associated with poor oxygenation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Pallor or cyanosis of the nails, lips, or skin; restlessness; apprehension;
confusion; dizziness; fatigue; changes in pulse and blood pressure; and decreased level
of consciousness are associated with poor oxygenation.
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the systolic pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -First
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the diastolic pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Fifth
A nurse is auscultating a BP. He hears the first sound at 170 mm Hg. The sound
disappears immediately. At 150 mm Hg, the sound appears again and continues until
there is silence at 80 mm Hg. The pressures were taken in the client's right arm while
the client was lying down.
How should the nurse record these pressures? - CORRECT ANSWERS -BP RA,
supine, 170/80 with an auscultatory gap from 170 to 150
How do you explain what happened? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An auscultatory gap
occurred. A gap is most commonly heard in hypertensive clients, whose systolic blood
pressure is higher than the adult normal limit of 140 mm Hg.
Which of the following patients has hypertension? One with a BP of:
150/80 on two separate occasions
180/100 on one occasion
138/88 on two occasions - CORRECT ANSWERS -150/80 on two separate occasions
Which of the following client(s) has/have primary hypertension?
Client A, who is obese and has a high sodium intake
Client B, who is in renal failure
Client C, who has hypertension induced by pregnancy
Client D, who has a family history of hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERS -Client D,
who has a family history of hypertension
, What are five functions of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The skin serves five
functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation, secretion/excretion, and
formation of vitamin D.
How does the skin help regulate body temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The skin
contains sensory organs or receptors for heat and cold. The skin regulates temperature
through the process of dilating and constricting blood vessels and activating or
inactivating sweat glands. The sweat glands found in the axillae and external genitalia
secrete fatty acids and proteins and excrete perspiration, which produces a cooling
effect as the moisture evaporates from the skin.
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages - CORRECT ANSWERS -With
age, both layers of the skin become thinner and more fragile. As collagen and elastin
fibers in the dermis deteriorate, the skin becomes wrinkled. Sebaceous and sweat gland
activity decreases, causing the skin to become dry, scaly, and itchy, and temperature
regulation in hot weather becomes more difficult. As the number and activity of hair
follicles and pigment cells (melanocytes) diminishes, hair becomes thin, turns gray or
white, and grows more slowly. Nails thicken and growth decreases. These changes
increase the risk for skin problems.
True or false: The professional nurse is responsible for making assessments. -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
True or false: Assisting with the bath is an excellent time to assess the patient. -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
To inspect for pallor in a dark-skinned person, which areas would you assess for an
ashen gray or yellow color? - CORRECT ANSWERS -For dark-skinned persons, the
conjunctivae, buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, nail beds, palms, and soles should be
assessed for pallor.
What is the term that means "a bluish color of the skin"? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Cyanosis means a bluish discoloration of the skin.
Name two causes of erythema. - CORRECT ANSWERS -Vasodilation and inflammation
are causes of erythema.
Where can you best see jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The sclera of the eyes is
the best place to see jaundice
True or false: Healthy nails are usually clean, smooth, and convexly curved -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
List at least three nail changes that occur with aging. - CORRECT ANSWERS -As a
person ages, the nails thicken, become ridged, and may yellow or become concave in
shape.
EXAM
QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT
AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH
A GUARANTEED
A AND WELL
ELABORATE
RATIONALE
,How can you estimate a client's tidal volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Tidal volume
can be estimated by observing the depth of the client's respirations.
What is the range of normal for an adult's respiratory rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS -A
rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute is normal for adults
Besides the rate, what other characteristics of a client's respirations should you
observe? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Depth, rhythm, effort, breath sounds, and chest
movement should be observed in addition to rate.
What are some common clinical signs associated with poor oxygenation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Pallor or cyanosis of the nails, lips, or skin; restlessness; apprehension;
confusion; dizziness; fatigue; changes in pulse and blood pressure; and decreased level
of consciousness are associated with poor oxygenation.
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the systolic pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -First
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the diastolic pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Fifth
A nurse is auscultating a BP. He hears the first sound at 170 mm Hg. The sound
disappears immediately. At 150 mm Hg, the sound appears again and continues until
there is silence at 80 mm Hg. The pressures were taken in the client's right arm while
the client was lying down.
How should the nurse record these pressures? - CORRECT ANSWERS -BP RA,
supine, 170/80 with an auscultatory gap from 170 to 150
How do you explain what happened? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An auscultatory gap
occurred. A gap is most commonly heard in hypertensive clients, whose systolic blood
pressure is higher than the adult normal limit of 140 mm Hg.
Which of the following patients has hypertension? One with a BP of:
150/80 on two separate occasions
180/100 on one occasion
138/88 on two occasions - CORRECT ANSWERS -150/80 on two separate occasions
Which of the following client(s) has/have primary hypertension?
Client A, who is obese and has a high sodium intake
Client B, who is in renal failure
Client C, who has hypertension induced by pregnancy
Client D, who has a family history of hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERS -Client D,
who has a family history of hypertension
, What are five functions of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The skin serves five
functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation, secretion/excretion, and
formation of vitamin D.
How does the skin help regulate body temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The skin
contains sensory organs or receptors for heat and cold. The skin regulates temperature
through the process of dilating and constricting blood vessels and activating or
inactivating sweat glands. The sweat glands found in the axillae and external genitalia
secrete fatty acids and proteins and excrete perspiration, which produces a cooling
effect as the moisture evaporates from the skin.
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages - CORRECT ANSWERS -With
age, both layers of the skin become thinner and more fragile. As collagen and elastin
fibers in the dermis deteriorate, the skin becomes wrinkled. Sebaceous and sweat gland
activity decreases, causing the skin to become dry, scaly, and itchy, and temperature
regulation in hot weather becomes more difficult. As the number and activity of hair
follicles and pigment cells (melanocytes) diminishes, hair becomes thin, turns gray or
white, and grows more slowly. Nails thicken and growth decreases. These changes
increase the risk for skin problems.
True or false: The professional nurse is responsible for making assessments. -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
True or false: Assisting with the bath is an excellent time to assess the patient. -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
To inspect for pallor in a dark-skinned person, which areas would you assess for an
ashen gray or yellow color? - CORRECT ANSWERS -For dark-skinned persons, the
conjunctivae, buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, nail beds, palms, and soles should be
assessed for pallor.
What is the term that means "a bluish color of the skin"? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Cyanosis means a bluish discoloration of the skin.
Name two causes of erythema. - CORRECT ANSWERS -Vasodilation and inflammation
are causes of erythema.
Where can you best see jaundice? - CORRECT ANSWERS -The sclera of the eyes is
the best place to see jaundice
True or false: Healthy nails are usually clean, smooth, and convexly curved -
CORRECT ANSWERS -True
List at least three nail changes that occur with aging. - CORRECT ANSWERS -As a
person ages, the nails thicken, become ridged, and may yellow or become concave in
shape.
