NURS 612 Exam 2
Ways to avoid sun/UV exposure? ANS: Sunscreen with a high SPF (reapply q 30min)
Hat and long sleeves
No tanning beds
Limit exposure during peak hours of day
If exposed to UV/sun frequently, you should assess? ANS: Assess your skin frequently for any changes to
moles or freckles.
What is the patho of a fungal infection in the nail bed? ANS: Fungal growth in the nail plate causing it to
crumble.
What are some subjective findings of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail) ANS: Discomfort,
paresthesia, loss of dexterity, inability to walk, exercise, or wear shoes. Changes in nail.
What are some objective findings of onychomycosis? ANS: Thick/yellow/white discoloration/crumbling
of nail. Nail may separate from nail bed. No pitting.
Paronychia ANS: Invasion of bacteria between the nail fold and plate. Bacterial or fungal infection.
Infection occurs where the skin meets the nail at the base or sides. Can be acute or chronic.
Objective findings of paronychia? ANS: Erythema, edema, painful to touch. Purulent drainage under the
cuticle. Chronic can produce rippling of the nail.
Leukonychia ANS: White spots on the nails. Typically caused by trauma or cuticle manipulation. Also
benign.
Objective findings of leukonychia? ANS: White spots under the nails.
,Nodule ANS: Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter
Cyst ANS: Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with
liquid or semisolid materialE
Papule ANS: Elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter.
Pustule ANS: Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid.
What are some differential diagnoses of a nodule? ANS: Erythema nodosum; lipoma
What are some differential diagnoses of a cyst? ANS: Sebaceous cyst; cystic acne
What are some differential diagnoses of a papule? ANS: Wart (verruca); Elevated mole; Lichen planus
What are some differential diagnoses of a pustule? ANS: Impetigo; acne
What are the ABCDEs of lesions ANS: Asymmetry - halves do not match.
Borders - irregular, ragged, blurred.
Color - not the same all over, varying shades of the same color (reds/browns)
Diameter - more than 6mm
Elevation - changes in existing pigmented lesions; grows.
What are common findings related to hygienic activity? ANS: Papules and pustules resulting in:
Folliculitis
, Furuncle (boil)
Tinea (Dermatophytosis)
What is folliculitis? ANS: Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis.
Inflammatory cells within the wall of the hair follicle create a follicular based pustule. Inflammation can
be deep or superficial.
Subjective findings of folliculitis? ANS: Acute onset of either papule or pustules associated with pruritus
or mild discomfort.
May have pain with deep folliculitis.
What are some risk factors associated with folliculitis? ANS: Frequent shaving, hot tubs, obesity,
occlusive dressing.
Objective findings with folliculitis? ANS: Small pustules. Surrounding inflammation or nodule lesions.
Suppurative drainage with crusting.
What is furuncle (boil)? ANS: Deep-seated infection of pilosebaceous unit. Most likely cause - Staph
aureus. Typically starts as a small periofollicular abcess. May occur as a single or in multiples.
Subjective findings of furuncle? ANS: Acute onset of: tender, erythematous nodules that become
pustular.
Objective findings of furuncle? ANS: Skin is erythematous, hot, and tender. Typically occur in the face,
neck, arms, axillae, breasts, thighs, and buttocks.
What is Tinea (Dermatophytosis)? ANS: Group of noncan dial infections that involve the strum corner,
nails, or hair. Infection or dermatophytes acquired by direct contact. Lesions classified according to the
anatomic location on hairy or non-hairy parts.
Ways to avoid sun/UV exposure? ANS: Sunscreen with a high SPF (reapply q 30min)
Hat and long sleeves
No tanning beds
Limit exposure during peak hours of day
If exposed to UV/sun frequently, you should assess? ANS: Assess your skin frequently for any changes to
moles or freckles.
What is the patho of a fungal infection in the nail bed? ANS: Fungal growth in the nail plate causing it to
crumble.
What are some subjective findings of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail) ANS: Discomfort,
paresthesia, loss of dexterity, inability to walk, exercise, or wear shoes. Changes in nail.
What are some objective findings of onychomycosis? ANS: Thick/yellow/white discoloration/crumbling
of nail. Nail may separate from nail bed. No pitting.
Paronychia ANS: Invasion of bacteria between the nail fold and plate. Bacterial or fungal infection.
Infection occurs where the skin meets the nail at the base or sides. Can be acute or chronic.
Objective findings of paronychia? ANS: Erythema, edema, painful to touch. Purulent drainage under the
cuticle. Chronic can produce rippling of the nail.
Leukonychia ANS: White spots on the nails. Typically caused by trauma or cuticle manipulation. Also
benign.
Objective findings of leukonychia? ANS: White spots under the nails.
,Nodule ANS: Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter
Cyst ANS: Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with
liquid or semisolid materialE
Papule ANS: Elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter.
Pustule ANS: Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid.
What are some differential diagnoses of a nodule? ANS: Erythema nodosum; lipoma
What are some differential diagnoses of a cyst? ANS: Sebaceous cyst; cystic acne
What are some differential diagnoses of a papule? ANS: Wart (verruca); Elevated mole; Lichen planus
What are some differential diagnoses of a pustule? ANS: Impetigo; acne
What are the ABCDEs of lesions ANS: Asymmetry - halves do not match.
Borders - irregular, ragged, blurred.
Color - not the same all over, varying shades of the same color (reds/browns)
Diameter - more than 6mm
Elevation - changes in existing pigmented lesions; grows.
What are common findings related to hygienic activity? ANS: Papules and pustules resulting in:
Folliculitis
, Furuncle (boil)
Tinea (Dermatophytosis)
What is folliculitis? ANS: Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis.
Inflammatory cells within the wall of the hair follicle create a follicular based pustule. Inflammation can
be deep or superficial.
Subjective findings of folliculitis? ANS: Acute onset of either papule or pustules associated with pruritus
or mild discomfort.
May have pain with deep folliculitis.
What are some risk factors associated with folliculitis? ANS: Frequent shaving, hot tubs, obesity,
occlusive dressing.
Objective findings with folliculitis? ANS: Small pustules. Surrounding inflammation or nodule lesions.
Suppurative drainage with crusting.
What is furuncle (boil)? ANS: Deep-seated infection of pilosebaceous unit. Most likely cause - Staph
aureus. Typically starts as a small periofollicular abcess. May occur as a single or in multiples.
Subjective findings of furuncle? ANS: Acute onset of: tender, erythematous nodules that become
pustular.
Objective findings of furuncle? ANS: Skin is erythematous, hot, and tender. Typically occur in the face,
neck, arms, axillae, breasts, thighs, and buttocks.
What is Tinea (Dermatophytosis)? ANS: Group of noncan dial infections that involve the strum corner,
nails, or hair. Infection or dermatophytes acquired by direct contact. Lesions classified according to the
anatomic location on hairy or non-hairy parts.
