Tradition = Institutions/Conventions/Habits etc. have existed for centuries & withstood test of time Pragmatism
Human Imperfection
= valued as reflect the accumulated wisdom of generations commitment t
Cons tend to believe humans are flawed:
Burke “prejudice” (inherited wisdom) favoured long standing traditions, sceptical of ideas that clash Burke saw di
• Psychologically - want to feel safe & know role in society over freedom
with customs that have worked for generations hypothesis/pe
of complete choice/unpredictability & Morally - selfish & greedy = need
• Revolutionaries simply substituted existing prejudice with their own personal prejudice (flawed) to ownership
law/order to restrain impulses & Intellectually - ppl believe actions are
presented as rational/objective but based on personal views • Wanted c
good but influenced by irrational impulses & fail to see how complicated
Tradition can help address human flaws organism
the world is
• Psychologically if humans crave stability/security long lasting traditions reminds despite chaos of adapting
1. Belief of strong government with power to establish/enforce laws to
world its unlikely to be radically altered L value reaso
create order/stability that truly makes us free e.g. stronger police force,
• Morals - morally flawed = national myths, manners and conventions respected as they’re well standards of
longer prison sentences as believe human nature will respond to firm
established/engrained are as important as laws a perfect rule
deterrent
• Intellectually - new constitutional settlement appealed on rational level lacks history/tradition • Burke no
2. Cons sus of supposedly rational/utopian scheme e.g. liberalism. Argue
wouldn’t inspire/appeal to people in the same way - lack of history lead us to overturn it later designed
beyond capacity of humans to abstractly design entirely perfect worlds
Cons believe links between dif gens - preserving traditions for future gens but liberals believe • E.g. redu
& radically overturning existing order could return back to barbaric state
individual’s complete freedom of choice - Cons find freedom in respecting tradition as limits impulses family of
of nature is frightening
·
• Burke wasn’t opposed to change as it’s inevitable - argued state without change is without means threatene
3. Hobbes/Burke viewed state of nature dif to liberals - idea humans could
↑ of its conservation - small changes that build on the history/custom of society retains tradition Burke seen a
abstractly deduce unarguable principles/rights to guide all political u
-
• Consiste
↳
decision making = inconsistent with how people behaved in the real world
wipe slat
u
4. Humans unlikely to agree on political issues & society should value
Core Ideas/Principles cons rev
institution that tap into our feelings/desire for stability + continuity
imposed
Power of Reason Locke (liberal) = humans capable of pursuing own
rational interests & harmonious state of nature (before gov/monarch) with Conservatism
ppl recognising reciprocal benefits of treating each other well & believed in
natural rights (life/liberty/property)
#
Relativism - belief there is no absolute truth or
Hobbes 1588-1679 believed humans could only universally
• Hobbes = humans also driven by self interest but also by emotions/ moral standard. Hobbes = humans called things good
agree on one thing. Primal fear of death = inalienable natural
irrational impulses = sceptical of what could be achieved by power of if pleases/impact prosperity/self preservation & bad
right to preserve own life. (Doing whatever “in our own ·
reason. Disagreed humans could discover perfect moral principles that if not. Things/actions cannot be inherently good or
judgement and reason” to achieve this goal
all humans could understand/apply to settle disputes/conflicts bad - vary depending on the individual A
Origins
* *
State Power view of state of nature is dif
·
s
Nature of freedom & Natural Rights ·
= limits of state power is dif c
Locke - freedoms from natural rights (universally accepted). Hobbes Transition of state of nature >
•
#
Locke - freedom > political order
·
= freedoms (established/enforced) from stability/security/order Natural Laws basis of state of law
, New Right (Thatcherism) Traditional Conservatives Traditional Conservatives - org
Atomistic individualism/self-ownership Original sin/Human imperfection • Born into web of duties (Burk
• Ppl have absolute rights & ability to rationally pursue own • Flawed psychologically/morally/intellectually = need discipline from above (Hobbes) • Natural hierarchy - leaders mu
self-interests • Tradition - rationalist overlook our limitations - politics of faith Oakeshott (theological • Beneficial & desirable - huma
• Humans treated based on ends not as means (not tools - matters = ignorant of true nature) & utopian ideologies = rigid & dangerous (Burke) Pragmatism (Burke/Oakeshott) -
must consider result on individual) ·
• Cons disposition - naturally prefer tried than untried (Oakeshott - politics of skepticism) proven institutions etc.
• Ethical egoism - morally right to act in own interest - must ↳ Civil society - voluntary traditional
rationally determine what we need to do to thrive (Rand - Overall mainly concerned about stability/
·
objectivists 0 can identify situations best suited to orderly (Hobbes saw society born out of
·
ourselves) Human Nature fear from mutual primal fear of death)
·
• Framework for Utopia - no single utopian vision will suit all • Law/Order, property rights & civil Society
- human are unique (Nozick - perfect society allows · society (voluntary coops) play important
Overall - more pessimistic
individuals to pursue own definition of Utopia) role incentivising individuals
• Humans are inherently selfish &
• Vary on nature of society - collection
One-Nation Cons unequal requiring strong authority
·
of individuals? Or bound by duties/
Selfishness & free market (but protection if necessary) - human nature means free to establish order/stability/
traditions?
F
market may not always work in national interest for stability = problematic freedom
·
New Right - feared declin
(Disraeli/Macmillan). Selfish short-term thinking take actions not in long term • Difference branches have dif
• Atomistic - rights are
interest/national interested = threatens organic society views on limits of our rational
u
war redistribution too
• Paternalism - given we are naturally unequal - paternalistic intervention is wise abilities & wether our selfishness
• Separateness of perso
Rationalism - humans capable of a degree of central planning - pragmatic steps is an issue to address or a virtue
good = ends do not ju
that reforms build upon the past to be promoted
dangerous to justify co
Conservativism • Fair economy based o
Paternalism
Natural Aristocracy - individuals best suited to lead country due to birth/
Libertarians emphasise individua
·
inheritance/upbringing/education not because ppl naturally more gifted - people
·
economic intervention/non interfe
born quite equal & equally flawed Core Ideas/Principles • Burke economic standing sim
• Argued those in upper classes = received best available education, had
work & threaten health of org
leisure time to think/study & learn manner/duties expected of rulers - best
S
naturally resulted should be lef
able to overcome human shortcomings s
Organic Society - society = living organism dependent on healthy relationships • Compatible with scepticism of
Paternalism - elite direct society, decisions in national interest with/out consent
between dif parts which perform dif but equally as important hierarchy > state shouldn’t inte
of those affected (parents to children)
• Upper rule country - Middle generate wealth - working produces good/food preventing wages/prices from
•
Burke supported Trustee model of representation - MP owes you his
Human Imperfection
= valued as reflect the accumulated wisdom of generations commitment t
Cons tend to believe humans are flawed:
Burke “prejudice” (inherited wisdom) favoured long standing traditions, sceptical of ideas that clash Burke saw di
• Psychologically - want to feel safe & know role in society over freedom
with customs that have worked for generations hypothesis/pe
of complete choice/unpredictability & Morally - selfish & greedy = need
• Revolutionaries simply substituted existing prejudice with their own personal prejudice (flawed) to ownership
law/order to restrain impulses & Intellectually - ppl believe actions are
presented as rational/objective but based on personal views • Wanted c
good but influenced by irrational impulses & fail to see how complicated
Tradition can help address human flaws organism
the world is
• Psychologically if humans crave stability/security long lasting traditions reminds despite chaos of adapting
1. Belief of strong government with power to establish/enforce laws to
world its unlikely to be radically altered L value reaso
create order/stability that truly makes us free e.g. stronger police force,
• Morals - morally flawed = national myths, manners and conventions respected as they’re well standards of
longer prison sentences as believe human nature will respond to firm
established/engrained are as important as laws a perfect rule
deterrent
• Intellectually - new constitutional settlement appealed on rational level lacks history/tradition • Burke no
2. Cons sus of supposedly rational/utopian scheme e.g. liberalism. Argue
wouldn’t inspire/appeal to people in the same way - lack of history lead us to overturn it later designed
beyond capacity of humans to abstractly design entirely perfect worlds
Cons believe links between dif gens - preserving traditions for future gens but liberals believe • E.g. redu
& radically overturning existing order could return back to barbaric state
individual’s complete freedom of choice - Cons find freedom in respecting tradition as limits impulses family of
of nature is frightening
·
• Burke wasn’t opposed to change as it’s inevitable - argued state without change is without means threatene
3. Hobbes/Burke viewed state of nature dif to liberals - idea humans could
↑ of its conservation - small changes that build on the history/custom of society retains tradition Burke seen a
abstractly deduce unarguable principles/rights to guide all political u
-
• Consiste
↳
decision making = inconsistent with how people behaved in the real world
wipe slat
u
4. Humans unlikely to agree on political issues & society should value
Core Ideas/Principles cons rev
institution that tap into our feelings/desire for stability + continuity
imposed
Power of Reason Locke (liberal) = humans capable of pursuing own
rational interests & harmonious state of nature (before gov/monarch) with Conservatism
ppl recognising reciprocal benefits of treating each other well & believed in
natural rights (life/liberty/property)
#
Relativism - belief there is no absolute truth or
Hobbes 1588-1679 believed humans could only universally
• Hobbes = humans also driven by self interest but also by emotions/ moral standard. Hobbes = humans called things good
agree on one thing. Primal fear of death = inalienable natural
irrational impulses = sceptical of what could be achieved by power of if pleases/impact prosperity/self preservation & bad
right to preserve own life. (Doing whatever “in our own ·
reason. Disagreed humans could discover perfect moral principles that if not. Things/actions cannot be inherently good or
judgement and reason” to achieve this goal
all humans could understand/apply to settle disputes/conflicts bad - vary depending on the individual A
Origins
* *
State Power view of state of nature is dif
·
s
Nature of freedom & Natural Rights ·
= limits of state power is dif c
Locke - freedoms from natural rights (universally accepted). Hobbes Transition of state of nature >
•
#
Locke - freedom > political order
·
= freedoms (established/enforced) from stability/security/order Natural Laws basis of state of law
, New Right (Thatcherism) Traditional Conservatives Traditional Conservatives - org
Atomistic individualism/self-ownership Original sin/Human imperfection • Born into web of duties (Burk
• Ppl have absolute rights & ability to rationally pursue own • Flawed psychologically/morally/intellectually = need discipline from above (Hobbes) • Natural hierarchy - leaders mu
self-interests • Tradition - rationalist overlook our limitations - politics of faith Oakeshott (theological • Beneficial & desirable - huma
• Humans treated based on ends not as means (not tools - matters = ignorant of true nature) & utopian ideologies = rigid & dangerous (Burke) Pragmatism (Burke/Oakeshott) -
must consider result on individual) ·
• Cons disposition - naturally prefer tried than untried (Oakeshott - politics of skepticism) proven institutions etc.
• Ethical egoism - morally right to act in own interest - must ↳ Civil society - voluntary traditional
rationally determine what we need to do to thrive (Rand - Overall mainly concerned about stability/
·
objectivists 0 can identify situations best suited to orderly (Hobbes saw society born out of
·
ourselves) Human Nature fear from mutual primal fear of death)
·
• Framework for Utopia - no single utopian vision will suit all • Law/Order, property rights & civil Society
- human are unique (Nozick - perfect society allows · society (voluntary coops) play important
Overall - more pessimistic
individuals to pursue own definition of Utopia) role incentivising individuals
• Humans are inherently selfish &
• Vary on nature of society - collection
One-Nation Cons unequal requiring strong authority
·
of individuals? Or bound by duties/
Selfishness & free market (but protection if necessary) - human nature means free to establish order/stability/
traditions?
F
market may not always work in national interest for stability = problematic freedom
·
New Right - feared declin
(Disraeli/Macmillan). Selfish short-term thinking take actions not in long term • Difference branches have dif
• Atomistic - rights are
interest/national interested = threatens organic society views on limits of our rational
u
war redistribution too
• Paternalism - given we are naturally unequal - paternalistic intervention is wise abilities & wether our selfishness
• Separateness of perso
Rationalism - humans capable of a degree of central planning - pragmatic steps is an issue to address or a virtue
good = ends do not ju
that reforms build upon the past to be promoted
dangerous to justify co
Conservativism • Fair economy based o
Paternalism
Natural Aristocracy - individuals best suited to lead country due to birth/
Libertarians emphasise individua
·
inheritance/upbringing/education not because ppl naturally more gifted - people
·
economic intervention/non interfe
born quite equal & equally flawed Core Ideas/Principles • Burke economic standing sim
• Argued those in upper classes = received best available education, had
work & threaten health of org
leisure time to think/study & learn manner/duties expected of rulers - best
S
naturally resulted should be lef
able to overcome human shortcomings s
Organic Society - society = living organism dependent on healthy relationships • Compatible with scepticism of
Paternalism - elite direct society, decisions in national interest with/out consent
between dif parts which perform dif but equally as important hierarchy > state shouldn’t inte
of those affected (parents to children)
• Upper rule country - Middle generate wealth - working produces good/food preventing wages/prices from
•
Burke supported Trustee model of representation - MP owes you his
