NU 272 HESI Practice Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
A |male |client |with |chronic |atrial |fibrillation |and |a |slow |ventricular |response |is |scheduled |for
|surgical |placement |of |a |permanent |pacemaker. |The |client |asks |the |nurse |how |this |device |will
|help |him. |How |should |the |nurse |explain |the |action |of |a |synchronous |pacemaker? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-An |electrical |stimulus |is |discharged |when |no |ventricular |response |is |sensed.
|
-
The |artificial |cardiac |pacemaker |is |an |electronic |device |used |to |pace |the |heart |when |the
|normal |conduction |pathway |is |damaged |or |diseased, |such |as |a |symptomatic |dysrhythmias |like
|atrial |fibrillation |with |a |slow |ventricular |response. |Pacing |modes |that |are |synchronous
|(impulse |generated |on |demand |or |as |needed |according |to |the |patient's |intrinsic |rhythm) |send
|an |electrical |signal |from |the |pacemaker |to |the |wall |of |the |myocardium |stimulating |it |to
|contract |when |no |ventricular |depolarization |is |sensed.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |end |stage |liver |disease |who |is |being |assessed |for |the
|presence |of |asterixis. |To |assess |the |client |for |asterixis, |what |position |should |the |nurse |ask |the
|client |to |demonstrate? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extend |the |arm, |dorsiflex |the |wrist, |and
|extend |the |fingers.
-
Asterixis |(flapping |tremor, |liver |flap) |is |a |hand-flapping |tremor |that |is |often |seen |frequently |in
|hepatic |encephalopathy. |The |tremor |is |induced |by |extending |the |arm |and |dorsiflexing |the
|wrist |causing |rapid, |non-rhythmic |extension |and |flexion |of |the |wrist |while |attempting |to |hold
|position.
The |nurse |is |giving |discharge |instructions |to |a |client |with |chronic |prostatitis. |What |instruction
|should |the |nurse |provide |the |client |to |reduce |the |risk |of |spreading |the |infection |to |other
|areas |of |the |client's |urinary |tract? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Have |intercourse |or |masturbate |at
|least |twice |a |week.
-
,The |prostate |is |not |easily |penetrated |by |antibiotics |and |can |serve |as |a |reservoir |for
|microorganisms, |which |can |infect |other |areas |of |the |genitourinary |tract. |Draining |the |prostate
|regularly |through |intercourse |or |masturbation |decreases |the |number |of |microorganisms
|present |and |reduces |the |risk |for |further |infection |from |stored |contaminated |seminal |fluids.
Which |action |should |the |nurse |implement |on |the |scheduled |day |of |surgery |for |a |client |with
|type |1 |diabetes |mellitus |(DM)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Obtain |a |prescription |for |an |adjusted
|dose |of |insulin.
-
Stressors, |such |as |surgery, |increase |serum |glucose |levels. |A |client |with |type |1 |DM |who |is |NPO
|for |scheduled |surgery |should |receive |a |prescribed |adjusted |dose |of |insulin.
A |client |with |osteoarthritis |receives |a |prescription |for |Naproxen |(Naprosyn). |Which |potential
|side |effect |should |the |nurse |provide |to |the |client |about |this |medication? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Gastrointestinal |disturbance.
|
-
Prostaglandin |synthesis |inhibitors |such |as |naproxen |can |have |gastrointestinal |side |effects |such
|as |nausea |and |gastric |burning. |It |is |recommended |that |this |drug |be |taken |with |food |to |avoid
|gastrointestinal |upset.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |male |client |who |had |an |inguinal |herniorrhaphy |3 |hours |ago. |The
|nurse |determines |the |client's |lower |abdomen |is |distended |and |assesses |dullness |to
|percussion. |What |is |the |priority |nursing |action? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Determine |the |time
|the |client |last |voided.
-
Swelling |at |the |surgical |site |in |the |immediate |postoperative |period |can |impact |the |bladder |and
|prostate |area |causing |the |client |to |experience |difficulty |voiding |due |to |pressure |on |the
|urethra. |To |provide |additional |data |supporting |bladder |distention, |the |last |time |the |client
|voided |should |be |determined |next.
,When |teaching |a |client |with |breast |cancer |about |the |prescribed |radiation |therapy |for
|treatment, |what |information |is |important |to |include? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dry, |itchy |skin
|changes |may |occur.
-
Side |effects |from |radiation |to |the |breast |most |often |include |temporary |skin |changes |such |as:
|dryness, |tenderness, |redness, |swelling, |and |pruritis.
Which |finding |should |the |nurse |identify |as |an |indication |of |carbon |monoxide |poisoning |in |a
|client |who |experienced |a |burn |injury |during |a |house |fire? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cherry |red
|color |to |the |mucous |membranes.
-
The |saturation |of |hemoglobin |molecules |with |carbon |monoxide |molecules, |instead |of |oxygen
|molecules |and |the |subsequent |vasodilation |induced |cherry |red |color |of |the |mucous
|membranes |is |an |indication |of |carbon |monoxide |poisoning.
What |assessment |finding |should |the |nurse |identify |that |indicates |a |client |with |an |acute
asthma |exacerbation |is |beginning |to |improve |after |treatment? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
|
Wheezing |becomes |louder.
-
In |an |acute |asthma |attack, |air |flow |may |be |so |significantly |restricted |that |breath |sounds |and
|wheezing |is |diminished. |If |the |client |is |successfully |responding |to |bronchodilators |and
|respiratory |treatments, |wheezing |should |become |louder |as |the |air |flow |increases |in |the
|airways. |As |the |airways |open |and |mucous |is |mobilized |in |response |to |treatment, |the |cough
|should |become |more |productive.
, The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |human |immunodeficiency |virus |(HIV) |infection |who
|develops |Mycobacterium |avium |complex |(MAC). |What |is |the |most |significant |desired
outcome |for |this |client? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Return |to |pre-illness |weight.
|
-
MAC |is |an |opportunistic |infection |that |presents |as |a |tuberculosis-like |pulmonary |process. |MAC
|is |a |major |contributing |factor |to |the |development |of |wasting |syndrome, |so |the |most
|significant |desired |outcome |is |the |client's |return |to |a |pre-illness |weight |using |oral, |enteral, |or
|parenteral |supplementation |as |needed.
The |nurse |obtains |a |client's |history |that |includes |right |mastectomy |and |radiation |therapy |for
|cancer |of |the |breast |10 |years |ago. |Which |current |health |problem |should |the |nurse |consider |is
|a |consequence |of |the |radiation |therapy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pathologic |fracture |of |two
|ribs |on |the |right |chest.
-
The |ribs |lie |in |the |radiation |pathway |and |lose |density |over |time, |becoming |thin |and |brittle, |so
|the |occurence |of |two |right-sided |ribs |with |pathological |fractures |resulting |without |evidence |of
|trauma |is |related |to |radiation |damage.
A |client |is |admitted |to |the |emergency |department |after |being |lost |for |four |days |while |hiking |in
|a |national |forest. |Upon |review |of |the |laboratory |results, |the |nurse |determines |the |client's
|serum |level |for |thyroid-stimulating |hormone |(TSH) |is |elevated. |Which |additional |assessment
|should |the |nurse |make? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Exposure |to |cold |environmental
|temperatures.
-
TSH |influences |the |amount |of |thyroxine |secretion |which |increases |the |rate |of |metabolism |to
|maintain |body |temperature |near |normal. |Prolonged |exposure |to |cold |environmental
|temperatures |stimulates |the |hypothalamus |to |secrete |thyrotropin-releasing |hormone, |which
|increases |anterior |pituitary |serum |release |of |TSH.
With Correct Answers
A |male |client |with |chronic |atrial |fibrillation |and |a |slow |ventricular |response |is |scheduled |for
|surgical |placement |of |a |permanent |pacemaker. |The |client |asks |the |nurse |how |this |device |will
|help |him. |How |should |the |nurse |explain |the |action |of |a |synchronous |pacemaker? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-An |electrical |stimulus |is |discharged |when |no |ventricular |response |is |sensed.
|
-
The |artificial |cardiac |pacemaker |is |an |electronic |device |used |to |pace |the |heart |when |the
|normal |conduction |pathway |is |damaged |or |diseased, |such |as |a |symptomatic |dysrhythmias |like
|atrial |fibrillation |with |a |slow |ventricular |response. |Pacing |modes |that |are |synchronous
|(impulse |generated |on |demand |or |as |needed |according |to |the |patient's |intrinsic |rhythm) |send
|an |electrical |signal |from |the |pacemaker |to |the |wall |of |the |myocardium |stimulating |it |to
|contract |when |no |ventricular |depolarization |is |sensed.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |end |stage |liver |disease |who |is |being |assessed |for |the
|presence |of |asterixis. |To |assess |the |client |for |asterixis, |what |position |should |the |nurse |ask |the
|client |to |demonstrate? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extend |the |arm, |dorsiflex |the |wrist, |and
|extend |the |fingers.
-
Asterixis |(flapping |tremor, |liver |flap) |is |a |hand-flapping |tremor |that |is |often |seen |frequently |in
|hepatic |encephalopathy. |The |tremor |is |induced |by |extending |the |arm |and |dorsiflexing |the
|wrist |causing |rapid, |non-rhythmic |extension |and |flexion |of |the |wrist |while |attempting |to |hold
|position.
The |nurse |is |giving |discharge |instructions |to |a |client |with |chronic |prostatitis. |What |instruction
|should |the |nurse |provide |the |client |to |reduce |the |risk |of |spreading |the |infection |to |other
|areas |of |the |client's |urinary |tract? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Have |intercourse |or |masturbate |at
|least |twice |a |week.
-
,The |prostate |is |not |easily |penetrated |by |antibiotics |and |can |serve |as |a |reservoir |for
|microorganisms, |which |can |infect |other |areas |of |the |genitourinary |tract. |Draining |the |prostate
|regularly |through |intercourse |or |masturbation |decreases |the |number |of |microorganisms
|present |and |reduces |the |risk |for |further |infection |from |stored |contaminated |seminal |fluids.
Which |action |should |the |nurse |implement |on |the |scheduled |day |of |surgery |for |a |client |with
|type |1 |diabetes |mellitus |(DM)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Obtain |a |prescription |for |an |adjusted
|dose |of |insulin.
-
Stressors, |such |as |surgery, |increase |serum |glucose |levels. |A |client |with |type |1 |DM |who |is |NPO
|for |scheduled |surgery |should |receive |a |prescribed |adjusted |dose |of |insulin.
A |client |with |osteoarthritis |receives |a |prescription |for |Naproxen |(Naprosyn). |Which |potential
|side |effect |should |the |nurse |provide |to |the |client |about |this |medication? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Gastrointestinal |disturbance.
|
-
Prostaglandin |synthesis |inhibitors |such |as |naproxen |can |have |gastrointestinal |side |effects |such
|as |nausea |and |gastric |burning. |It |is |recommended |that |this |drug |be |taken |with |food |to |avoid
|gastrointestinal |upset.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |male |client |who |had |an |inguinal |herniorrhaphy |3 |hours |ago. |The
|nurse |determines |the |client's |lower |abdomen |is |distended |and |assesses |dullness |to
|percussion. |What |is |the |priority |nursing |action? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Determine |the |time
|the |client |last |voided.
-
Swelling |at |the |surgical |site |in |the |immediate |postoperative |period |can |impact |the |bladder |and
|prostate |area |causing |the |client |to |experience |difficulty |voiding |due |to |pressure |on |the
|urethra. |To |provide |additional |data |supporting |bladder |distention, |the |last |time |the |client
|voided |should |be |determined |next.
,When |teaching |a |client |with |breast |cancer |about |the |prescribed |radiation |therapy |for
|treatment, |what |information |is |important |to |include? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dry, |itchy |skin
|changes |may |occur.
-
Side |effects |from |radiation |to |the |breast |most |often |include |temporary |skin |changes |such |as:
|dryness, |tenderness, |redness, |swelling, |and |pruritis.
Which |finding |should |the |nurse |identify |as |an |indication |of |carbon |monoxide |poisoning |in |a
|client |who |experienced |a |burn |injury |during |a |house |fire? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cherry |red
|color |to |the |mucous |membranes.
-
The |saturation |of |hemoglobin |molecules |with |carbon |monoxide |molecules, |instead |of |oxygen
|molecules |and |the |subsequent |vasodilation |induced |cherry |red |color |of |the |mucous
|membranes |is |an |indication |of |carbon |monoxide |poisoning.
What |assessment |finding |should |the |nurse |identify |that |indicates |a |client |with |an |acute
asthma |exacerbation |is |beginning |to |improve |after |treatment? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
|
Wheezing |becomes |louder.
-
In |an |acute |asthma |attack, |air |flow |may |be |so |significantly |restricted |that |breath |sounds |and
|wheezing |is |diminished. |If |the |client |is |successfully |responding |to |bronchodilators |and
|respiratory |treatments, |wheezing |should |become |louder |as |the |air |flow |increases |in |the
|airways. |As |the |airways |open |and |mucous |is |mobilized |in |response |to |treatment, |the |cough
|should |become |more |productive.
, The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |client |with |human |immunodeficiency |virus |(HIV) |infection |who
|develops |Mycobacterium |avium |complex |(MAC). |What |is |the |most |significant |desired
outcome |for |this |client? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Return |to |pre-illness |weight.
|
-
MAC |is |an |opportunistic |infection |that |presents |as |a |tuberculosis-like |pulmonary |process. |MAC
|is |a |major |contributing |factor |to |the |development |of |wasting |syndrome, |so |the |most
|significant |desired |outcome |is |the |client's |return |to |a |pre-illness |weight |using |oral, |enteral, |or
|parenteral |supplementation |as |needed.
The |nurse |obtains |a |client's |history |that |includes |right |mastectomy |and |radiation |therapy |for
|cancer |of |the |breast |10 |years |ago. |Which |current |health |problem |should |the |nurse |consider |is
|a |consequence |of |the |radiation |therapy? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pathologic |fracture |of |two
|ribs |on |the |right |chest.
-
The |ribs |lie |in |the |radiation |pathway |and |lose |density |over |time, |becoming |thin |and |brittle, |so
|the |occurence |of |two |right-sided |ribs |with |pathological |fractures |resulting |without |evidence |of
|trauma |is |related |to |radiation |damage.
A |client |is |admitted |to |the |emergency |department |after |being |lost |for |four |days |while |hiking |in
|a |national |forest. |Upon |review |of |the |laboratory |results, |the |nurse |determines |the |client's
|serum |level |for |thyroid-stimulating |hormone |(TSH) |is |elevated. |Which |additional |assessment
|should |the |nurse |make? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Exposure |to |cold |environmental
|temperatures.
-
TSH |influences |the |amount |of |thyroxine |secretion |which |increases |the |rate |of |metabolism |to
|maintain |body |temperature |near |normal. |Prolonged |exposure |to |cold |environmental
|temperatures |stimulates |the |hypothalamus |to |secrete |thyrotropin-releasing |hormone, |which
|increases |anterior |pituitary |serum |release |of |TSH.
