Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life Questions and Answers Already
Graded
Organic Compounds
Ans: carbon based molecules
Functional Groups
Ans: In an organic compound, the group of atoms directly involved in chemical reactions
Macromolecules
Ans: Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids are macromolecules, macro meaning
large. A giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules.
Polymer
Ans: A large molecule consisting of any identical or similar molecular units, called
monomers,covalently joined together in a chain.
Monomer
Ans: a chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer
Chemical reactions that build polymers from ___ are called ____ reactions because they release a
molecule of water.
Ans: monomers;dehydration
The reverse type of reaction, one that breaks larger molecules down into smaller molecules, is
called _____.
Ans: Hydrolysis
Dehydration reaction
Ans: A chemical reaction which involves removing a molecule of water.
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, Hydrolysis
Ans: to break down with water. Hydro(water) Lyse(break)
Carbohydrates, or carbs.
Ans: A class of molecules that includes sugars and polymers of sugars.(ex. small sugar molecules in
softdrinks, long starch molecules in spaghetti and bread.)
Monosaccharides
Ans: simple sugars, monomers of carbohydrates; they cannot be broken down into smaller
sugars.(ex. glucose, in soft drinks, fructose, in fruits. both of these sugars are also in honey)
All carbs consist of one or more_______, also called simple sugars. Name two examples of simple
sugars.
Ans: monosaccharides; glucose and fructose.
Explain why glucose and fructose have the sme formula (C6H12O6) but have different properties.
Ans: Different arrangements of atoms affect molecular shapes and properties.
Isomers
Ans: molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. (isomers are like
anagrams-words that contain the same letters in a different order such as heart and earth.)
Disaccharide
Ans: double sugar, constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.( ex. milk
sugar, is made from glucose and galactose, the most common one is sucrose)
How and why do manufacturers produce HFCS(high fructose corn syrup)?
Ans: They convert glucose to the sweeter fructose. HFCS is cheaper and more easily blended with
processed foods.
Polysaccharides
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Graded
Organic Compounds
Ans: carbon based molecules
Functional Groups
Ans: In an organic compound, the group of atoms directly involved in chemical reactions
Macromolecules
Ans: Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids are macromolecules, macro meaning
large. A giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules.
Polymer
Ans: A large molecule consisting of any identical or similar molecular units, called
monomers,covalently joined together in a chain.
Monomer
Ans: a chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer
Chemical reactions that build polymers from ___ are called ____ reactions because they release a
molecule of water.
Ans: monomers;dehydration
The reverse type of reaction, one that breaks larger molecules down into smaller molecules, is
called _____.
Ans: Hydrolysis
Dehydration reaction
Ans: A chemical reaction which involves removing a molecule of water.
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
, Hydrolysis
Ans: to break down with water. Hydro(water) Lyse(break)
Carbohydrates, or carbs.
Ans: A class of molecules that includes sugars and polymers of sugars.(ex. small sugar molecules in
softdrinks, long starch molecules in spaghetti and bread.)
Monosaccharides
Ans: simple sugars, monomers of carbohydrates; they cannot be broken down into smaller
sugars.(ex. glucose, in soft drinks, fructose, in fruits. both of these sugars are also in honey)
All carbs consist of one or more_______, also called simple sugars. Name two examples of simple
sugars.
Ans: monosaccharides; glucose and fructose.
Explain why glucose and fructose have the sme formula (C6H12O6) but have different properties.
Ans: Different arrangements of atoms affect molecular shapes and properties.
Isomers
Ans: molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. (isomers are like
anagrams-words that contain the same letters in a different order such as heart and earth.)
Disaccharide
Ans: double sugar, constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.( ex. milk
sugar, is made from glucose and galactose, the most common one is sucrose)
How and why do manufacturers produce HFCS(high fructose corn syrup)?
Ans: They convert glucose to the sweeter fructose. HFCS is cheaper and more easily blended with
processed foods.
Polysaccharides
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
