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1. DNA replication is DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning that each new duplex
___________, which allows has one original (parent) strand and one new strand. Because the two
each of the two strands parent strands are separated during replication and the base pairing
to serve as a _______ for is predictable, each parent strand can serve as a template for the new
the new strands. strand synthesis.
b. semiconservative,
template
2. Which of the follow- Helicase unwinds the double stranded DNA to allow for replication, but
ing enzymes does NOT this is not a problem for the DNA polymerase.
assist the DNA poly-
merase on the lag-
ging strand to overcome
its two problems? (Re-
call that the DNA poly-
merase can only make
DNA in the 5'->3' direc-
tion, and it must bind
a double-stranded nu-
cleotide polymer before
it can start making its
own DNA polymer.)
c. Helicase
3. Several components of Nucleotide excision repair is used to repair deletions, insertions, and
cigarette smoke, includ- helix-distorting lesions, such as thymine dimers.
ing benzopyrene, in-
sert themselves (inter-
calate) into the DNA
and lead to sever-
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al types of mutations
such as frameshift mu-
tations, including both
insertions and deletion.
Which of the following
repair pathways would
be used to repair this
type of damage?
c. Nucleotide Excision
Repair
4. Maternal smoking dur- Frame shift mutations are a kind of mutations which result from ad-
ing pregnancy is haz- dition of deletion of a nucleotide base resulting in an altered read-
ardous yet common ing frame and ultimately a different protein, than the one the gene
in many places. Many originally encoded. Frameshift mutations are genetic changes because
studies have associat- they alter the DNA sequence, whereas epigenetic changes do not alter
ed prenatal smoking the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are modifications to genomic
to unhealthy physical structure (not sequence) that are caused by the external environment.
and psychological out- These environmental factors affect the overall chromatin structure to
comes for the baby. Re- allow more or less "access" to the DNA by gene expression machinery
searchers know that ma- to turn the genes "on" or "off". In other words, epigenetics can alter
ternal smoking affects gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequences. The
are epigenetic in nature. changes may or may not be heritable, depending on the location and
Which of the following circumstances.
events can be consid-
ered epigenetic in na-
ture?
a. Changes in chromatin
structure
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5. Blood type is an exam- The genes that produce the A and B antigen proteins can both be
ple of what type of inher- expressed independently, and a heterozygote (someone with both
itance? genes) will be produce both A and B proteins - neither will dominate
the other. The is an example of codominance.
a. Codominance
6. What is the expected If D is the disease-conferring dominant allele and d is the normal allele,
probability that a child the father has the genotype Dd and the mother's genotype is dd. Each
will have an autosomal child can only inherit a d allele from their mother, and they have a
dominant disease if their 50% chance of inheriting the D allele from their father. As a result, the
father is heterozygous expected probability that their child will inherit the disease is 50%.
for the allele and their
mother is homozygous
for the normal allele?
a. 50%
7. The physical trait of The correct answer is incomplete dominance. The blending of the large
lip protrusion exhibits and small lip protrusion into an intermediate, medium lip protrusion,
a characteristic type of as well as the presence of all three variations in the offspring, demon-
inheritance, as shown strate a clear example of incomplete dominance.
by the pedigree above.
What type of inheritance
best describes this in-
heritance pattern?
a. Incomplete domi-
nance
8. The normal sequence of Silent mutations are those in which the amino acid encoded doesn't
a section of the HLA-B27 change as a result of the mutation.
gene, a genetic mark-
er of the inflammato- Missense mutations are those in which the amino acid encoded
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2zoopk
1. DNA replication is DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning that each new duplex
___________, which allows has one original (parent) strand and one new strand. Because the two
each of the two strands parent strands are separated during replication and the base pairing
to serve as a _______ for is predictable, each parent strand can serve as a template for the new
the new strands. strand synthesis.
b. semiconservative,
template
2. Which of the follow- Helicase unwinds the double stranded DNA to allow for replication, but
ing enzymes does NOT this is not a problem for the DNA polymerase.
assist the DNA poly-
merase on the lag-
ging strand to overcome
its two problems? (Re-
call that the DNA poly-
merase can only make
DNA in the 5'->3' direc-
tion, and it must bind
a double-stranded nu-
cleotide polymer before
it can start making its
own DNA polymer.)
c. Helicase
3. Several components of Nucleotide excision repair is used to repair deletions, insertions, and
cigarette smoke, includ- helix-distorting lesions, such as thymine dimers.
ing benzopyrene, in-
sert themselves (inter-
calate) into the DNA
and lead to sever-
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WGU Biochemistry
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al types of mutations
such as frameshift mu-
tations, including both
insertions and deletion.
Which of the following
repair pathways would
be used to repair this
type of damage?
c. Nucleotide Excision
Repair
4. Maternal smoking dur- Frame shift mutations are a kind of mutations which result from ad-
ing pregnancy is haz- dition of deletion of a nucleotide base resulting in an altered read-
ardous yet common ing frame and ultimately a different protein, than the one the gene
in many places. Many originally encoded. Frameshift mutations are genetic changes because
studies have associat- they alter the DNA sequence, whereas epigenetic changes do not alter
ed prenatal smoking the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are modifications to genomic
to unhealthy physical structure (not sequence) that are caused by the external environment.
and psychological out- These environmental factors affect the overall chromatin structure to
comes for the baby. Re- allow more or less "access" to the DNA by gene expression machinery
searchers know that ma- to turn the genes "on" or "off". In other words, epigenetics can alter
ternal smoking affects gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequences. The
are epigenetic in nature. changes may or may not be heritable, depending on the location and
Which of the following circumstances.
events can be consid-
ered epigenetic in na-
ture?
a. Changes in chromatin
structure
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2zoopk
5. Blood type is an exam- The genes that produce the A and B antigen proteins can both be
ple of what type of inher- expressed independently, and a heterozygote (someone with both
itance? genes) will be produce both A and B proteins - neither will dominate
the other. The is an example of codominance.
a. Codominance
6. What is the expected If D is the disease-conferring dominant allele and d is the normal allele,
probability that a child the father has the genotype Dd and the mother's genotype is dd. Each
will have an autosomal child can only inherit a d allele from their mother, and they have a
dominant disease if their 50% chance of inheriting the D allele from their father. As a result, the
father is heterozygous expected probability that their child will inherit the disease is 50%.
for the allele and their
mother is homozygous
for the normal allele?
a. 50%
7. The physical trait of The correct answer is incomplete dominance. The blending of the large
lip protrusion exhibits and small lip protrusion into an intermediate, medium lip protrusion,
a characteristic type of as well as the presence of all three variations in the offspring, demon-
inheritance, as shown strate a clear example of incomplete dominance.
by the pedigree above.
What type of inheritance
best describes this in-
heritance pattern?
a. Incomplete domi-
nance
8. The normal sequence of Silent mutations are those in which the amino acid encoded doesn't
a section of the HLA-B27 change as a result of the mutation.
gene, a genetic mark-
er of the inflammato- Missense mutations are those in which the amino acid encoded
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