Taak 3 Dual processes
Learning goals:
1. What is the dual process model?
2. What determines whether will people act on impulse or whether they will
they act on their intentions? What are the differences?
3. What of mediators exist?
4. What determines which process will win?
5. How can we change behavior based on this model?
Attentional retraining is the retraining of automatic attentional processes.
● You have 2 stimuli on the screen
○ You want to pay attention to the alcohol related stimulus, but
you have to focus on the alcohol non-related stimulus → if you do
this long enough, eventually, your attention should shift itself
automatically
Working memory training
● WMC relatively low functions
● It should increase more strongly
Training of inhibition → Go/NoGo Paradigm
● This ICT task consists of the presentation of one stimulus, which encourages the
participant to respond (Go). At the same time, a non-responding associated
stimulus is also displayed (NoGo), forcing the participant to withhold the
response. The Go stimulus is displayed a greater number of times in order to
bring about a prepotent response.
Approach bias retraining
● Addicts have tendency to approach addictive substance related stimuli
○ Approach Avoidance Task
■ A joystick task in which participants react by pushing or pulling a
joystick, depending on a feature of the stimulus unrelated to the
contents
■ Pulling makes it bigger, pushing makes it smaller
● So the addicts would pull when they see a addictive
substance related stimulus, and push whenever they don’t
■ The goal of the task is to let addicts reverse their actions
● So they should push away the substance related stimulus
and make it smaller, instead of pulling it towards them and
make it bigger
, Evaluative conditioning and counterconditioning
● Counterconditioning: a classically conditioned incentive cue is systematically
coupled to a strong negative outcome
In sum:
Reflective system:
● Talking
○ About negative and positive outcomes for example
Impulsive system:
● Attentional bias retraining
● Approach bias retraining
● Implicit memory
Control system:
● Working memory
● Respons inhibition
Bron: Field & Wiers
Learning Objectives
● Alcohol consumption is influenced by controlled cognitive processes, such as
rational decision- making and outcome expectancies for alcohol effects.
● Heavy drinking is associated with alterations in automatic cognitive processing,
such as implicit memory associations and attentional bias. These processes may
make unique contributions to future alcohol consumption, over and above those
attributed to controlled cognitive processes.
● Heavy drinking is also associated with increased impulsivity and impaired
executive function ; this may reflect both a consequence of chronic alcohol
exposure and a cause of loss of control over alcohol-seeking behaviour.
Furthermore, it is likely to interact with controlled and automatic cognitive
processes to produce further impairments in the loss of control over drinking.
Introduction
● Focus on 3 distinct aspects of cognition which seem to be associated with
Learning goals:
1. What is the dual process model?
2. What determines whether will people act on impulse or whether they will
they act on their intentions? What are the differences?
3. What of mediators exist?
4. What determines which process will win?
5. How can we change behavior based on this model?
Attentional retraining is the retraining of automatic attentional processes.
● You have 2 stimuli on the screen
○ You want to pay attention to the alcohol related stimulus, but
you have to focus on the alcohol non-related stimulus → if you do
this long enough, eventually, your attention should shift itself
automatically
Working memory training
● WMC relatively low functions
● It should increase more strongly
Training of inhibition → Go/NoGo Paradigm
● This ICT task consists of the presentation of one stimulus, which encourages the
participant to respond (Go). At the same time, a non-responding associated
stimulus is also displayed (NoGo), forcing the participant to withhold the
response. The Go stimulus is displayed a greater number of times in order to
bring about a prepotent response.
Approach bias retraining
● Addicts have tendency to approach addictive substance related stimuli
○ Approach Avoidance Task
■ A joystick task in which participants react by pushing or pulling a
joystick, depending on a feature of the stimulus unrelated to the
contents
■ Pulling makes it bigger, pushing makes it smaller
● So the addicts would pull when they see a addictive
substance related stimulus, and push whenever they don’t
■ The goal of the task is to let addicts reverse their actions
● So they should push away the substance related stimulus
and make it smaller, instead of pulling it towards them and
make it bigger
, Evaluative conditioning and counterconditioning
● Counterconditioning: a classically conditioned incentive cue is systematically
coupled to a strong negative outcome
In sum:
Reflective system:
● Talking
○ About negative and positive outcomes for example
Impulsive system:
● Attentional bias retraining
● Approach bias retraining
● Implicit memory
Control system:
● Working memory
● Respons inhibition
Bron: Field & Wiers
Learning Objectives
● Alcohol consumption is influenced by controlled cognitive processes, such as
rational decision- making and outcome expectancies for alcohol effects.
● Heavy drinking is associated with alterations in automatic cognitive processing,
such as implicit memory associations and attentional bias. These processes may
make unique contributions to future alcohol consumption, over and above those
attributed to controlled cognitive processes.
● Heavy drinking is also associated with increased impulsivity and impaired
executive function ; this may reflect both a consequence of chronic alcohol
exposure and a cause of loss of control over alcohol-seeking behaviour.
Furthermore, it is likely to interact with controlled and automatic cognitive
processes to produce further impairments in the loss of control over drinking.
Introduction
● Focus on 3 distinct aspects of cognition which seem to be associated with
