Elementary Education Praxis 5005
Earth system- earth cycles - answer The term "Earth system" refers to Earth´s
interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.
The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's
natural cycles — the carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other cycles —
and deep Earth processes.
Earth change (global change) - answer Global change refers to planetary-scale
changes in the Earth system.
More completely, the term "global change" encompasses: planetary scale changes to
atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, climate, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle,
the water cycle and other cycles, sea-ice changes, sea-level changes, food webs,
biological diversity, pollution, health, fish stocks, and more.
Civilization is now a large driver of global change so the term includes population, the
economy, resource use, energy, development, transport, communication, land use and
land cover, urbanization, globalization.
Water cycle - answerThe continuous process by which water is circulated throughout
the earth and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and the
transpiration of plants and animals. Also called hydrologic cycle.
The water cycle is the process by which fresh water is generated and transported,
driven by the energy of the sun. This cycle involves the processes of transpiration and
evaporation to drive pure water from the ground or sea into the atmosphere, and
condensation and precipitation to bring it back to the earth's surface, seeping into the
earth as groundwater. The water cycle also drives the erosion and weathering of soil
and rocks.
Carbon cycle - answerThe biological cycle by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is
converted to carbohydrates by plants and other photosynthesizers, consumed and
metabolized by organisms, and returned to the atmosphere through respiration,
decomposition, and the combustion of fossil fuels.
Understanding the carbon cycle allows engineers to decide where to place vegetation
and how to protect infrastructures from acid rain.
The carbon cycle determines the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, lithosphere,
biosphere and hydrosphere. The use of fossil fuels increasingly transfers carbon from
the other spheres to the atmosphere, and as a consequence global warming is
increasing.
, Rock cycle - answerThe rock cycle describes the natural processes of rocks being
formed, modified and transformed. A rock's journey can begin anywhere along the cycle
but it is practical to begin with magma. Magma from underneath the earth's crust makes
its way to the earth's surface, forming igneous rocks. Depending on the environmental
conditions, this rock can weather and be broken up into sediments or combined with
sediments to become sedimentary rock. If the rock is buried and subjected to high heat
and high pressure, it can become a metamorphic rock.
The rock cycle is important to engineers because the movement of magma, rocks and
sediments affect the stability of the earth's surface and are therefore important in the
fortification of infrastructures.
Nitrogen Cycle - answerThe nitrogen cycle describes the processes by which
atmospheric and environmental nitrogen is converted into organic nitrogen, that can be
used and recycled by living organisms.
Hydrosphere - answerThe abundance of water on Earth's surface is a unique feature
that distinguishes the "Blue Planet" from other planets in the Solar System. Earth's
hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in
the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth
of 2,000 m. The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench
in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m.
About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water,
about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and glaciers.
Heredity and reproduction - answerHeredity, transmission from generation to generation
through the process of reproduction in plants and animals of factors which cause the
offspring to resemble their parents.
Mutation - answerMutation is a mechanism for evolutionary change, initiating new
variations.
Genetics - answerGenetics is the modern science that studies the mechanisms for the
transmission of hereditary information in the resulting organism
Growth and development - answer*Growth* - is indicative (increase in body, size,
weight), quantitative progress, physical change, external in nature, stops at a certain
stage, a physical progress
*Development* - not indicative, qualitative progress, psychological change, internal in
nature, continuous process, cognitive progress
Inheritance of traits - answer-*Alleles* - different varieties of genes
-*Somatic cells* - contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each
parent. An allele that is hidden or not expressed by an organism can still be passed on
to that organism's offspring and expressed in a later generation
Earth system- earth cycles - answer The term "Earth system" refers to Earth´s
interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.
The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's
natural cycles — the carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other cycles —
and deep Earth processes.
Earth change (global change) - answer Global change refers to planetary-scale
changes in the Earth system.
More completely, the term "global change" encompasses: planetary scale changes to
atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, climate, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle,
the water cycle and other cycles, sea-ice changes, sea-level changes, food webs,
biological diversity, pollution, health, fish stocks, and more.
Civilization is now a large driver of global change so the term includes population, the
economy, resource use, energy, development, transport, communication, land use and
land cover, urbanization, globalization.
Water cycle - answerThe continuous process by which water is circulated throughout
the earth and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and the
transpiration of plants and animals. Also called hydrologic cycle.
The water cycle is the process by which fresh water is generated and transported,
driven by the energy of the sun. This cycle involves the processes of transpiration and
evaporation to drive pure water from the ground or sea into the atmosphere, and
condensation and precipitation to bring it back to the earth's surface, seeping into the
earth as groundwater. The water cycle also drives the erosion and weathering of soil
and rocks.
Carbon cycle - answerThe biological cycle by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is
converted to carbohydrates by plants and other photosynthesizers, consumed and
metabolized by organisms, and returned to the atmosphere through respiration,
decomposition, and the combustion of fossil fuels.
Understanding the carbon cycle allows engineers to decide where to place vegetation
and how to protect infrastructures from acid rain.
The carbon cycle determines the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, lithosphere,
biosphere and hydrosphere. The use of fossil fuels increasingly transfers carbon from
the other spheres to the atmosphere, and as a consequence global warming is
increasing.
, Rock cycle - answerThe rock cycle describes the natural processes of rocks being
formed, modified and transformed. A rock's journey can begin anywhere along the cycle
but it is practical to begin with magma. Magma from underneath the earth's crust makes
its way to the earth's surface, forming igneous rocks. Depending on the environmental
conditions, this rock can weather and be broken up into sediments or combined with
sediments to become sedimentary rock. If the rock is buried and subjected to high heat
and high pressure, it can become a metamorphic rock.
The rock cycle is important to engineers because the movement of magma, rocks and
sediments affect the stability of the earth's surface and are therefore important in the
fortification of infrastructures.
Nitrogen Cycle - answerThe nitrogen cycle describes the processes by which
atmospheric and environmental nitrogen is converted into organic nitrogen, that can be
used and recycled by living organisms.
Hydrosphere - answerThe abundance of water on Earth's surface is a unique feature
that distinguishes the "Blue Planet" from other planets in the Solar System. Earth's
hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in
the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth
of 2,000 m. The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench
in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m.
About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water,
about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and glaciers.
Heredity and reproduction - answerHeredity, transmission from generation to generation
through the process of reproduction in plants and animals of factors which cause the
offspring to resemble their parents.
Mutation - answerMutation is a mechanism for evolutionary change, initiating new
variations.
Genetics - answerGenetics is the modern science that studies the mechanisms for the
transmission of hereditary information in the resulting organism
Growth and development - answer*Growth* - is indicative (increase in body, size,
weight), quantitative progress, physical change, external in nature, stops at a certain
stage, a physical progress
*Development* - not indicative, qualitative progress, psychological change, internal in
nature, continuous process, cognitive progress
Inheritance of traits - answer-*Alleles* - different varieties of genes
-*Somatic cells* - contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each
parent. An allele that is hidden or not expressed by an organism can still be passed on
to that organism's offspring and expressed in a later generation
