FRSC 1011 Exam Questions &
Answers: Updated Guide
Forensic Science requires... - Answer- development of principles and techniques to
identify and compare physical evidence
Marcello Malpighi - Answer- First notes on finger print ridges
Henry Faulds - Answer- First to suggest fingerprints for ID purposes gave to Darwin
who gave to Galton
Alphonse Bertillon (1879) - Answer- Anthropometry - first system fro personal
Identification
Hans Gross - Answer- advocated for the application of science to the law
Carl Wilhelm - Answer- detection of arsenic in corpses
Valetin Ross - Answer- detecting small amounts of arsenic in stomach
Mathieu Orfila - Answer- Father of Toxicology
Conan Doyle - Answer- considerable influence on popularizing scientific methods of
cime detetction (Sherlock Holmes)
Karl Landsteiner - Answer- Blood Typing
Leon Lattes - Answer- Blood Typing on Dry Specimens
Osborn - Answer- Document Examination
Walter C. McCrone - Answer- Microscopy to forensics
Calvin Goddard - Answer- Fire arms examination
Alec Jeffereys - Answer- DNA Typing
Crime Laboratories Canada - Answer- (1) 6 RCMP Regional Laboratories
(2) CFS in TO
(3) Institute of Legal Medincine and Police Science in Montreal
13 OPP Forensic Identification Labs in ON
,Scientific Method (defintion) - Answer- compares evidence obtained by investigators
with observable physical findings discovered at the crime scene, in the crime laboratory,
or in the autopsy suite.
Scientific Method Process - Answer- 1. Formulate Question
2. Formulate Hypothesis
3. Test Hypothesis
4. Upon validation, becomes suitable as scientific evidence
Frye v. United States - Answer- General Acceptance
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharamceuticals - Answer- General Acceptance is not absolute
standard
Lay Witness - Answer- factual information, no personal opinions
Expert Witness - Answer- evaluate evidence and express opinions
At the command centre of a crime scene - Answer- 1. receive tasks
2. store equipment
3. discuss
4. communicate
line/strip search pattern - Answer- 1 or 2 investigators
Grid Search pattern - Answer- 2 or more investigators
Film Photography - Answer- consists of a sheet of silver halide grains which "expose"
when exposed to light
Film speed - Answer- measure of the light gathering capacity of the film
Digital photoraphy - Answer- a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of
millions of tiny picture elements called pixels
2 types of cameras - Answer- Single lens reflex (SLR)
Digitial Single Lens Refelx (DSLR)
Normal Lens - Answer- focal length 50-55mm; used for most photographs
Telephoto Lens - Answer- focal length 100 mm+; used for magnifying
Wide-angle Lens - Answer- Focal lenght 35mm; used to show more than normal lens
Macro Lens - Answer- Focal length less than 50mm; used for highly detailed close ups
, Multipurpose Lens - Answer- focal length 28-80 mm; used to take normal, wide angle &
telephoto photographs
Aperture - Answer- measure of the diameter of the opening of the diaphragm which
allows light to reach the film or microchip
Shutter speed - Answer- length of time that the film or microchip is exposed to light
Depth of Field - Answer- amount of area in the foreground and background of an object
in focus
auto mode - Answer- automatically selects f-stop and shutter speed
sports mode - Answer- captures subjects in motion using higher shutter speed
night mode - Answer- uses slower shutter speed to gather lots of light
Landscape mode - Answer- selects higher f-stop to improve depth of field
Portrait mode - Answer- lower f-stop to decrease the depth of field and make the subject
stand out
barrier filters - Answer- block one specific wave length (color) of light from reaching the
film or microchip making areas of that color appear lighter in the photograph
Bypass filters - Answer- allow only a small range of wave lengths of light to reach the
film or microchip and block all others
Night photgraphy - Answer- requires the use of external lighting
Indoor photography - Answer- requires photgraphs of the neighbourhood, poitns of
entry/exit and all walls, floors and ceilings
outdoor photography - Answer- requires location of photographs to be recorded by GPS
or measurments of land marks
Arson Photography - Answer- requires photographs of the point of the fires origin and
use of special equipment or techniques to provide maximum contrast in photographs of
charred debris
Sexual Assault Photography - Answer- requires photographs of all wounds and clothing
while showing discretion of victim
Impression photography - Answer- requires oblique lighting to show details and a scale
to later create a 1:1 scale photograph for comaprison
Answers: Updated Guide
Forensic Science requires... - Answer- development of principles and techniques to
identify and compare physical evidence
Marcello Malpighi - Answer- First notes on finger print ridges
Henry Faulds - Answer- First to suggest fingerprints for ID purposes gave to Darwin
who gave to Galton
Alphonse Bertillon (1879) - Answer- Anthropometry - first system fro personal
Identification
Hans Gross - Answer- advocated for the application of science to the law
Carl Wilhelm - Answer- detection of arsenic in corpses
Valetin Ross - Answer- detecting small amounts of arsenic in stomach
Mathieu Orfila - Answer- Father of Toxicology
Conan Doyle - Answer- considerable influence on popularizing scientific methods of
cime detetction (Sherlock Holmes)
Karl Landsteiner - Answer- Blood Typing
Leon Lattes - Answer- Blood Typing on Dry Specimens
Osborn - Answer- Document Examination
Walter C. McCrone - Answer- Microscopy to forensics
Calvin Goddard - Answer- Fire arms examination
Alec Jeffereys - Answer- DNA Typing
Crime Laboratories Canada - Answer- (1) 6 RCMP Regional Laboratories
(2) CFS in TO
(3) Institute of Legal Medincine and Police Science in Montreal
13 OPP Forensic Identification Labs in ON
,Scientific Method (defintion) - Answer- compares evidence obtained by investigators
with observable physical findings discovered at the crime scene, in the crime laboratory,
or in the autopsy suite.
Scientific Method Process - Answer- 1. Formulate Question
2. Formulate Hypothesis
3. Test Hypothesis
4. Upon validation, becomes suitable as scientific evidence
Frye v. United States - Answer- General Acceptance
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharamceuticals - Answer- General Acceptance is not absolute
standard
Lay Witness - Answer- factual information, no personal opinions
Expert Witness - Answer- evaluate evidence and express opinions
At the command centre of a crime scene - Answer- 1. receive tasks
2. store equipment
3. discuss
4. communicate
line/strip search pattern - Answer- 1 or 2 investigators
Grid Search pattern - Answer- 2 or more investigators
Film Photography - Answer- consists of a sheet of silver halide grains which "expose"
when exposed to light
Film speed - Answer- measure of the light gathering capacity of the film
Digital photoraphy - Answer- a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of
millions of tiny picture elements called pixels
2 types of cameras - Answer- Single lens reflex (SLR)
Digitial Single Lens Refelx (DSLR)
Normal Lens - Answer- focal length 50-55mm; used for most photographs
Telephoto Lens - Answer- focal length 100 mm+; used for magnifying
Wide-angle Lens - Answer- Focal lenght 35mm; used to show more than normal lens
Macro Lens - Answer- Focal length less than 50mm; used for highly detailed close ups
, Multipurpose Lens - Answer- focal length 28-80 mm; used to take normal, wide angle &
telephoto photographs
Aperture - Answer- measure of the diameter of the opening of the diaphragm which
allows light to reach the film or microchip
Shutter speed - Answer- length of time that the film or microchip is exposed to light
Depth of Field - Answer- amount of area in the foreground and background of an object
in focus
auto mode - Answer- automatically selects f-stop and shutter speed
sports mode - Answer- captures subjects in motion using higher shutter speed
night mode - Answer- uses slower shutter speed to gather lots of light
Landscape mode - Answer- selects higher f-stop to improve depth of field
Portrait mode - Answer- lower f-stop to decrease the depth of field and make the subject
stand out
barrier filters - Answer- block one specific wave length (color) of light from reaching the
film or microchip making areas of that color appear lighter in the photograph
Bypass filters - Answer- allow only a small range of wave lengths of light to reach the
film or microchip and block all others
Night photgraphy - Answer- requires the use of external lighting
Indoor photography - Answer- requires photgraphs of the neighbourhood, poitns of
entry/exit and all walls, floors and ceilings
outdoor photography - Answer- requires location of photographs to be recorded by GPS
or measurments of land marks
Arson Photography - Answer- requires photographs of the point of the fires origin and
use of special equipment or techniques to provide maximum contrast in photographs of
charred debris
Sexual Assault Photography - Answer- requires photographs of all wounds and clothing
while showing discretion of victim
Impression photography - Answer- requires oblique lighting to show details and a scale
to later create a 1:1 scale photograph for comaprison
