Bio 93 Midterm 3
Gene - answer unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
genetics - answerthe study of heredity
biotechnology - answerA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes,
to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other
microorganisms for specific purposes.
character - answerA heritable feature that varies among individuals
trait - answerone of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
quantitative analysis - answer
allele - answeralternative versions of a gene
dominant allele - answeran allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a
heterozygote
locus - answerLocation of a gene on a chromosome
phenotype - answerAn organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
genotype - answergenetic makeup of an organism
test cross - answerthe crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a
homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
homozygous - answerAn organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous - answerAn organism that has two different alleles for a trait
law of segregation - answerMendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is
present in each gamete
law of independent assortment - answerthe law that states that genes separate
independently of one another in meiosis
, punnett square - answerA chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that
can result from a genetic cross
incomplete dominance - answersituation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is
intermediate between phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele
co-dominance - answerphenotypes of both alleles are expressed because they affect
the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
pleiotropy - answerThe ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
epistasis - answera type of gene interaction where phenotypic expression of one gene
alters that of another independently inherited gene
polygenetic inheritance - answerAn additive effect of two or more genes on a single
phenotypic character.
CRISPR - answera collection of DNA sequences that tells Cas9 exactly where to cut
epigenetics - answerthe study of environmental influences on gene expression that
occur without a DNA change
pedigree analysis - answerChart showing one trait being carried over many generations
recessive trait - answera trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the
same characteristic are inherited
dominant trait - answerA genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a
person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
X linked gene - answergene located on the x chromosome, shows a distinct pattern of
inheritance
gene linkage - answergenes located close enough on the same chromosome tend to be
inherited together
parental phenotype - answera phenotype identical to one or the other parent
non parental phenotype - answerdifferent phenotype from parents
recombination frequency - answerpercentage of recombinant offspring, recombinants
divided by total offspring multiplied by 100
recombinant offspring - answerOffspring with different gene combinations than the
parents
Gene - answer unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
genetics - answerthe study of heredity
biotechnology - answerA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes,
to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other
microorganisms for specific purposes.
character - answerA heritable feature that varies among individuals
trait - answerone of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
quantitative analysis - answer
allele - answeralternative versions of a gene
dominant allele - answeran allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a
heterozygote
locus - answerLocation of a gene on a chromosome
phenotype - answerAn organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
genotype - answergenetic makeup of an organism
test cross - answerthe crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a
homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
homozygous - answerAn organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous - answerAn organism that has two different alleles for a trait
law of segregation - answerMendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is
present in each gamete
law of independent assortment - answerthe law that states that genes separate
independently of one another in meiosis
, punnett square - answerA chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that
can result from a genetic cross
incomplete dominance - answersituation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is
intermediate between phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele
co-dominance - answerphenotypes of both alleles are expressed because they affect
the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
pleiotropy - answerThe ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
epistasis - answera type of gene interaction where phenotypic expression of one gene
alters that of another independently inherited gene
polygenetic inheritance - answerAn additive effect of two or more genes on a single
phenotypic character.
CRISPR - answera collection of DNA sequences that tells Cas9 exactly where to cut
epigenetics - answerthe study of environmental influences on gene expression that
occur without a DNA change
pedigree analysis - answerChart showing one trait being carried over many generations
recessive trait - answera trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the
same characteristic are inherited
dominant trait - answerA genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a
person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
X linked gene - answergene located on the x chromosome, shows a distinct pattern of
inheritance
gene linkage - answergenes located close enough on the same chromosome tend to be
inherited together
parental phenotype - answera phenotype identical to one or the other parent
non parental phenotype - answerdifferent phenotype from parents
recombination frequency - answerpercentage of recombinant offspring, recombinants
divided by total offspring multiplied by 100
recombinant offspring - answerOffspring with different gene combinations than the
parents
