UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL Exam With 100% Correct Answers Graded A
When was the major migration out of Africa? - networks
ANSWER --60ka
-modern humans replaced the Neanderthals and
robust hominids across the world MSA tools - ANSWER --blades: long, thin
stone tools, Mode 4
-symmetrical, leaf-shaped points
When did modern humans evolve? - -microliths: small stone flake, sharp edge on one
ANSWER -200,000 years ago side and flat on the other, Mode 5
-atlatl: throws spears farther
-bone tools
modern Homo sapien derived characteristics: - -shelters and hearths
ANSWER --small, flat face with portruding
chin
-rounded skull When did the Middle Stone Age occur? -
-cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc ANSWER -Later Pleistocene
-less robust post-cranial skeleton
-relatively long limbs and shorter trunks
What was change in human behavior caused by?
- ANSWER --increased cognitive ability
why was the modern human less robust? - -cultural innovations, not genetic
ANSWER --relied more on elaborate tools -technological innovation
and technological advancements, less on body
strength
MSA transition - ANSWER -technological
innovation --> more efficient food acquisition -->
how does modern human behavior compare to greater economic surplus --> more economic
that of early hominins? - ANSWER --much specialization --> greater symbolic and ritual
more complex and variable activity
-vast array of specialized tools and techniques to
adapt to diverse environments
-elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic, and Fossil Evidence for movement out of Africa -
religious behavior ANSWER --earliest found in China, 120-
-due to large geographic range 80ka
-ability to accumulate and transmit over -no other anatomical modern fossil outside Africa
successive generations that date to before 63ka
- beginning 30ka, wealth of evidence for
presence of modern humans across Europe
Middle Stone Age (MSA) - ANSWER --The
stone tool industries of sub-Saharan Africa and
southern and eastern Asia that existed 250 to 40 Genetic Evidence for movement out of Africa -
kya. ANSWER -1) modern humans evolved in
-counterpart of the Middle Paleolithic Africa btw 200-90ka
(Mousterian) in Europe 2) modern humans outside Africa are descended
-varied, but flake tools were manufactured in all from one or more populations that left Africa btw
of them 120-40ka
-large social networks, Llong-distance exchange 3) a small amount of interbreeding occurred btw
, UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL Exam With 100% Correct Answers Graded A
modern humans and hominins already living in plot size for those with more wives
Eurasia (Neanderthals and Denisovans) -provides more breeding opportunity
What kind of DNA does not undergo What is the human mating system? -
recombination, thus allowing you to trace it back ANSWER --most societies are polygynous
to a single individual? - ANSWER -1) DNA but most individuals are monogamous
on Y chromosom
2) mitochondria DNA from mom
3) short segments of DNA on ordinary Why is polygyny more common than polyandry? -
chromosomes ANSWER --men have more to gain from
having multiple partners
-males sharing a wife lease to reduced mating
What does the accumulation of mutations allow opportunities and obscured paternity
us to discover? - ANSWER --estimate time
passed since the MRCA
-estimate past population size The Human Anomaly - ANSWER -Humans:
-have colonized almost every terrestrial habitat
on the planet
Relationship between distance from Africa and -have more complex technology and have altered
genetic variation - ANSWER -increased the planet in innumerable ways
distance from Africa = decreased genetic -are exceptionally specialized and diverse
variation
What makes us human? - ANSWER --
Why does the genetic variation decrease? - language
ANSWER -- each time people leave a -tools
population, they carry with them only a subset of -cognitive complexity
genes present within that population -cooperation and warfare
polygyny threshold model - ANSWER -An Two fundamental traits that set humans apart: -
explanation for polygyny based on the premise ANSWER -1) extensive reliance on social
that females will gain fitness by mating with an learning, resulting in CUMULATIVE CULTURAL
already paired male if the resources controlled by EVOLUTION
that male greatly exceed those under the control 2) extraordinary COOPERATION between
of unmated males. nonkin, including specialization, trade, and
complex alliance networks
When would a female choose polygyny over
monogamy? - ANSWER -resources from a The Ratchet Effect - ANSWER --The
polygynous mating group > resources from a concept that humans continually improve on
monogamous mating pair improvements, that they do not go backward or
revert to a previous state. Progress occurs
because improvements move themselves
Kipsigis Case Study - ANSWER --larger upward, much like a ratchet.
When was the major migration out of Africa? - networks
ANSWER --60ka
-modern humans replaced the Neanderthals and
robust hominids across the world MSA tools - ANSWER --blades: long, thin
stone tools, Mode 4
-symmetrical, leaf-shaped points
When did modern humans evolve? - -microliths: small stone flake, sharp edge on one
ANSWER -200,000 years ago side and flat on the other, Mode 5
-atlatl: throws spears farther
-bone tools
modern Homo sapien derived characteristics: - -shelters and hearths
ANSWER --small, flat face with portruding
chin
-rounded skull When did the Middle Stone Age occur? -
-cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc ANSWER -Later Pleistocene
-less robust post-cranial skeleton
-relatively long limbs and shorter trunks
What was change in human behavior caused by?
- ANSWER --increased cognitive ability
why was the modern human less robust? - -cultural innovations, not genetic
ANSWER --relied more on elaborate tools -technological innovation
and technological advancements, less on body
strength
MSA transition - ANSWER -technological
innovation --> more efficient food acquisition -->
how does modern human behavior compare to greater economic surplus --> more economic
that of early hominins? - ANSWER --much specialization --> greater symbolic and ritual
more complex and variable activity
-vast array of specialized tools and techniques to
adapt to diverse environments
-elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic, and Fossil Evidence for movement out of Africa -
religious behavior ANSWER --earliest found in China, 120-
-due to large geographic range 80ka
-ability to accumulate and transmit over -no other anatomical modern fossil outside Africa
successive generations that date to before 63ka
- beginning 30ka, wealth of evidence for
presence of modern humans across Europe
Middle Stone Age (MSA) - ANSWER --The
stone tool industries of sub-Saharan Africa and
southern and eastern Asia that existed 250 to 40 Genetic Evidence for movement out of Africa -
kya. ANSWER -1) modern humans evolved in
-counterpart of the Middle Paleolithic Africa btw 200-90ka
(Mousterian) in Europe 2) modern humans outside Africa are descended
-varied, but flake tools were manufactured in all from one or more populations that left Africa btw
of them 120-40ka
-large social networks, Llong-distance exchange 3) a small amount of interbreeding occurred btw
, UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL Exam With 100% Correct Answers Graded A
modern humans and hominins already living in plot size for those with more wives
Eurasia (Neanderthals and Denisovans) -provides more breeding opportunity
What kind of DNA does not undergo What is the human mating system? -
recombination, thus allowing you to trace it back ANSWER --most societies are polygynous
to a single individual? - ANSWER -1) DNA but most individuals are monogamous
on Y chromosom
2) mitochondria DNA from mom
3) short segments of DNA on ordinary Why is polygyny more common than polyandry? -
chromosomes ANSWER --men have more to gain from
having multiple partners
-males sharing a wife lease to reduced mating
What does the accumulation of mutations allow opportunities and obscured paternity
us to discover? - ANSWER --estimate time
passed since the MRCA
-estimate past population size The Human Anomaly - ANSWER -Humans:
-have colonized almost every terrestrial habitat
on the planet
Relationship between distance from Africa and -have more complex technology and have altered
genetic variation - ANSWER -increased the planet in innumerable ways
distance from Africa = decreased genetic -are exceptionally specialized and diverse
variation
What makes us human? - ANSWER --
Why does the genetic variation decrease? - language
ANSWER -- each time people leave a -tools
population, they carry with them only a subset of -cognitive complexity
genes present within that population -cooperation and warfare
polygyny threshold model - ANSWER -An Two fundamental traits that set humans apart: -
explanation for polygyny based on the premise ANSWER -1) extensive reliance on social
that females will gain fitness by mating with an learning, resulting in CUMULATIVE CULTURAL
already paired male if the resources controlled by EVOLUTION
that male greatly exceed those under the control 2) extraordinary COOPERATION between
of unmated males. nonkin, including specialization, trade, and
complex alliance networks
When would a female choose polygyny over
monogamy? - ANSWER -resources from a The Ratchet Effect - ANSWER --The
polygynous mating group > resources from a concept that humans continually improve on
monogamous mating pair improvements, that they do not go backward or
revert to a previous state. Progress occurs
because improvements move themselves
Kipsigis Case Study - ANSWER --larger upward, much like a ratchet.
