NLN PAX Human Anatomy and
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW 190
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025-2026
Define Mechanical digestion:
-Breaking food into smaller pieces. Such as chewing.
Define Chemical digestion:
-Breaking nutrients into small molecules. Such as salivation.
Define Hydrolysis:
-Splitting molecules by adding water.
Define Enzymes:
,-A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a
catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Define Anus:
-The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which
solid waste matter leaves the body.
Define Alimentary canal:
-The whole passage along which food passes through the body
from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Define Accessory organs:
-The tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Food enters through the mouth, where it is chewed, increasing the
___, which makes it easier to both swallow and digest.
, -Surface area.
The presence of food also simulates the ___ to release saliva,
which contains the enzyme amylase.
-Salivary glands.
Define Amylase:
-Breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules
(monosaccharides and disaccharides).
As the food is swallowed, it is pushed by the tongue into the ___
(throat).
-Pharynx.
After the pharynx, it leads to both the windpipe and the ___.
-Esophagus.
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW 190
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025-2026
Define Mechanical digestion:
-Breaking food into smaller pieces. Such as chewing.
Define Chemical digestion:
-Breaking nutrients into small molecules. Such as salivation.
Define Hydrolysis:
-Splitting molecules by adding water.
Define Enzymes:
,-A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a
catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Define Anus:
-The opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which
solid waste matter leaves the body.
Define Alimentary canal:
-The whole passage along which food passes through the body
from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Define Accessory organs:
-The tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Food enters through the mouth, where it is chewed, increasing the
___, which makes it easier to both swallow and digest.
, -Surface area.
The presence of food also simulates the ___ to release saliva,
which contains the enzyme amylase.
-Salivary glands.
Define Amylase:
-Breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules
(monosaccharides and disaccharides).
As the food is swallowed, it is pushed by the tongue into the ___
(throat).
-Pharynx.
After the pharynx, it leads to both the windpipe and the ___.
-Esophagus.
