Family Nurse Practitioner Exam
AANP
KarposiSarcoma-Correctanswer~CharacteristicpurpleareasonthenoseinanHIV-
positivefemale.Kaposi'ssarcoma(KS)isatypeofcancerthatcanformintheskin,lymphnodes,oroth
erorgans.Theskinlesionsareusuallypurpleincolor.
Malodoroussinglenare-Correctanswer~Foreignbody
RetinalDetachment-
Correctanswer~theretinaseparatesfromthelayerunderneath.Symptomsincludeanincreaseinth
enumberoffloaters,flashesoflight,andworseningoftheouterpartofthevisualfield.
Adolescentwithfriablenasalturbinates-Correctanswer~Cocaineuse
Aphthousulcer-
Correctanswer~arecurrentroundorovalsoreorulcerinsidethemouthonanareawheretheskinisn
ottightlyboundtotheunderlyingbone,suchasontheinsideofthelipsandcheeksorunderneaththet
ongue.Aphthousulcerscanalsoaffectthegenitaliainmalesandfemales.
GERDfirstlinetx-Correctanswer~PPI
MaxillarySinusitis-Correctanswer~Dentalpain
KasmaulTriangle-Correctanswer~Anteriorepitaxis
Roseolainfantum-Correctanswer~H.fever=>smallpinkdotspinkorraisedbodyrash=>arms
,AcneRoscaca-Correctanswer~"adultacne."mostofteninadults(30-
50yearsofage).Unlikeacnevulgaris,rosaceaisdevoidofblackheadsandcharacteristicallydoesnot
resolveafterpuberty.Rosaceastrikesbothsexesandpotentiallyallages.Ittendstobemorefrequent
inwomenbutmoresevereinmen.Itisveryuncommoninchildren,anditislessfrequentinpeoplewit
hdarkskin.TxwithFlagyl
AVNicking-Correctanswer~HTN,arteriescrossingveins
Blepharitis-
Correctanswer~commonlyoccurswhenthetinyoilglandsoftheinnereyelidbecomeinflamed.Itoft
enoccursalongwithotherskinconditionsorallergies.
Symptomsincludered,itchyeyelidsthatmaylookgreasyandcrusted.Dryeyesalsoareasymptom.
Treatmentsincludecleaningtheeyelids,antibioticorsteroideyedropsandtreatingunderlyingcond
itions.However,blepharitistendstocomeback.
Hordelum-Correctanswer~Painfulstyeithurts
Chalazedium-Correctanswer~Nonpainfullesiontoeyelid
CottonWool-
Correctanswer~Cottonwoolspotsareanabnormalfindingonfunduscopicexamoftheretinaofthe
eye.Theyappearasfluffywhitepatchesontheretina.Theyarecausedbydamagetonervefibersanda
rearesultofaccumulationsofaxoplasmicmaterialwithinthenervefiberlayer.SystemicHTN,DM
HerpesZoster-
Correctanswer~Earlysignsofshinglesincludeaburningsensationorstabbingpainandtinglingoritc
hingontheskin.Afterafewdays,arashorblistersappearusuallyononesideofthebodyorface.When
therashisatitspeak,symptomscanrangefrommilditchingtoextremeanddebilitatingpain.Txwithi
n72hoursAclovir
Retinoblastoma(Rb)-
Correctanswer~Absenceoflightreflex,itisarareformofcancerthatrapidlydevelopsfromtheimma
,turecellsofaretina,thelight-
detectingtissueoftheeye.Itisthemostcommonprimarymalignantintraocularcancerinchildren,a
nditisalmostexclusivelyfoundinyoungchildren.
Seborrheicdermatitis(Dandruff)-
Correctanswer~commonlyinvolvesportionsofthescalp,brows,mid-face,ears,mid-
chest,andmid-
back.Itisnotunusualforittoaffecttheskinofinfantsandyoungchildrenwhereitofteninvolvesthesc
alp(cradlecap)andthediaperarea.Seborrheicdermatitisisalsoknownasseborrhea.
SeborrheicKeratosis-
Correctanswer~Aseborrhoeickeratosisisaharmlesswartyspotthatappearsduringadultlifeasaco
mmonsignofskinaging....Seborrhoeickeratosis(orseborrheickeratosis,usingAmericanspelling)i
salsocalledSK,basalcellpapilloma,senilewart,brownwartorbarnacle.
Cuppingofdisc-Correctanswer~Intracranialpressure
subconjunctivalhaemorrhage-
Correctanswer~isbleedingunderneaththeconjunctiva.Itcanoccurafterasuddenorseveresneeze
orcough,heavylifting,straining,vomitingorevenrubbingone'seyestooroughly.Itcanalsooccurasa
sideeffectofeyesurgeryorbloodthinners.
Themainsymptomisabrightredpatchintheeyethatmayspreadandthenbecomegreenoryellow,
muchlikeabruise.Usuallyitdisappearswithintwoweeks.
Inmostcases,notreatmentisrequiredforthiscondition.
Sialolithiasis(alsotermedsalivarycalculi,orsalivarystones)-
Correctanswer~Aconditionwhereacalcifiedmassorsialolithformswithinasalivarygland,usuallyi
ntheductofthesubmandibulargland(alsotermed"Wharton'sduct").
HoneyCrustedlesions-
Correctanswer~Impetigoisabacterialinfectionthatinvolvesthesuperficialskin.Themostcommon
presentationisyellowishcrustsontheface,arms,orlegs.Lesscommonlytheremaybelargeblisters
whichaffectthegroinorarmpits.Thelesionsmaybepainfuloritchy.Feverisuncommon.
, ItistypicallyduetoeitherStaphylococcusaureusorStreptococcuspyogenes.Riskfactorsincludeatt
endingdaycare,crowding,poornutrition,diabetesmellitus,contactsports,andbreaksintheskinsu
chasfrommosquitobites,eczema,scabies,orherpes.Withcontactitcanspreadaroundorbetween
people.Diagnosisistypicallybasedonthesymptoms.
Preventionisbyhandwashing,avoidingpeoplewhoareinfected,andcleaninginjuries.Treatmentis
typicallywithantibioticcreamssuchasmupirocinorfusidicacid.Antibioticsbymouth,suchascepha
lexin,maybeusediflargeareasareaffected.Antibiotic-resistantformshavebeenfound.
Mildacne-Correctanswer~Skinwashretinolbenzol
moderateacne-Correctanswer~retinolplustetracylinesoralabo
Retinolreaction-Correctanswer~decreaseto3timesaday
Welldemarcatedcellulitis-
Correctanswer~erysipelasaffectsthedermis,mostcommonlyonthelegs,andtendstobesharplyd
emarcated.Cellulitis,whichtypicallyaffectsthelowerlegs,involvesthesubcutaneousfatandisofte
nlesswelldemarcated....Thediagnosisofcellulitisorerysipelasisusuallyclinical.
polymyalgiarheumatica-
Correctanswer~youfeelpainandstiffnessinthemusclesinyourshouldersandupperarms(shoulde
rgirdle)andhips(pelvicgirdle).Thisfeelingoftencomesafteryou'vespenttimeresting,andismostse
vereuponwakeningfromsleep.
Fibromyalgia-
Correctanswer~canalsocausemusclepaininthesamepartsofthebody.Butit'smorewide-
spreadandthepainismoresevere.Peoplewithfibromyalgiatendtoexperienceothersymptomsas
well,including:
tiredness
troublesleeping
AANP
KarposiSarcoma-Correctanswer~CharacteristicpurpleareasonthenoseinanHIV-
positivefemale.Kaposi'ssarcoma(KS)isatypeofcancerthatcanformintheskin,lymphnodes,oroth
erorgans.Theskinlesionsareusuallypurpleincolor.
Malodoroussinglenare-Correctanswer~Foreignbody
RetinalDetachment-
Correctanswer~theretinaseparatesfromthelayerunderneath.Symptomsincludeanincreaseinth
enumberoffloaters,flashesoflight,andworseningoftheouterpartofthevisualfield.
Adolescentwithfriablenasalturbinates-Correctanswer~Cocaineuse
Aphthousulcer-
Correctanswer~arecurrentroundorovalsoreorulcerinsidethemouthonanareawheretheskinisn
ottightlyboundtotheunderlyingbone,suchasontheinsideofthelipsandcheeksorunderneaththet
ongue.Aphthousulcerscanalsoaffectthegenitaliainmalesandfemales.
GERDfirstlinetx-Correctanswer~PPI
MaxillarySinusitis-Correctanswer~Dentalpain
KasmaulTriangle-Correctanswer~Anteriorepitaxis
Roseolainfantum-Correctanswer~H.fever=>smallpinkdotspinkorraisedbodyrash=>arms
,AcneRoscaca-Correctanswer~"adultacne."mostofteninadults(30-
50yearsofage).Unlikeacnevulgaris,rosaceaisdevoidofblackheadsandcharacteristicallydoesnot
resolveafterpuberty.Rosaceastrikesbothsexesandpotentiallyallages.Ittendstobemorefrequent
inwomenbutmoresevereinmen.Itisveryuncommoninchildren,anditislessfrequentinpeoplewit
hdarkskin.TxwithFlagyl
AVNicking-Correctanswer~HTN,arteriescrossingveins
Blepharitis-
Correctanswer~commonlyoccurswhenthetinyoilglandsoftheinnereyelidbecomeinflamed.Itoft
enoccursalongwithotherskinconditionsorallergies.
Symptomsincludered,itchyeyelidsthatmaylookgreasyandcrusted.Dryeyesalsoareasymptom.
Treatmentsincludecleaningtheeyelids,antibioticorsteroideyedropsandtreatingunderlyingcond
itions.However,blepharitistendstocomeback.
Hordelum-Correctanswer~Painfulstyeithurts
Chalazedium-Correctanswer~Nonpainfullesiontoeyelid
CottonWool-
Correctanswer~Cottonwoolspotsareanabnormalfindingonfunduscopicexamoftheretinaofthe
eye.Theyappearasfluffywhitepatchesontheretina.Theyarecausedbydamagetonervefibersanda
rearesultofaccumulationsofaxoplasmicmaterialwithinthenervefiberlayer.SystemicHTN,DM
HerpesZoster-
Correctanswer~Earlysignsofshinglesincludeaburningsensationorstabbingpainandtinglingoritc
hingontheskin.Afterafewdays,arashorblistersappearusuallyononesideofthebodyorface.When
therashisatitspeak,symptomscanrangefrommilditchingtoextremeanddebilitatingpain.Txwithi
n72hoursAclovir
Retinoblastoma(Rb)-
Correctanswer~Absenceoflightreflex,itisarareformofcancerthatrapidlydevelopsfromtheimma
,turecellsofaretina,thelight-
detectingtissueoftheeye.Itisthemostcommonprimarymalignantintraocularcancerinchildren,a
nditisalmostexclusivelyfoundinyoungchildren.
Seborrheicdermatitis(Dandruff)-
Correctanswer~commonlyinvolvesportionsofthescalp,brows,mid-face,ears,mid-
chest,andmid-
back.Itisnotunusualforittoaffecttheskinofinfantsandyoungchildrenwhereitofteninvolvesthesc
alp(cradlecap)andthediaperarea.Seborrheicdermatitisisalsoknownasseborrhea.
SeborrheicKeratosis-
Correctanswer~Aseborrhoeickeratosisisaharmlesswartyspotthatappearsduringadultlifeasaco
mmonsignofskinaging....Seborrhoeickeratosis(orseborrheickeratosis,usingAmericanspelling)i
salsocalledSK,basalcellpapilloma,senilewart,brownwartorbarnacle.
Cuppingofdisc-Correctanswer~Intracranialpressure
subconjunctivalhaemorrhage-
Correctanswer~isbleedingunderneaththeconjunctiva.Itcanoccurafterasuddenorseveresneeze
orcough,heavylifting,straining,vomitingorevenrubbingone'seyestooroughly.Itcanalsooccurasa
sideeffectofeyesurgeryorbloodthinners.
Themainsymptomisabrightredpatchintheeyethatmayspreadandthenbecomegreenoryellow,
muchlikeabruise.Usuallyitdisappearswithintwoweeks.
Inmostcases,notreatmentisrequiredforthiscondition.
Sialolithiasis(alsotermedsalivarycalculi,orsalivarystones)-
Correctanswer~Aconditionwhereacalcifiedmassorsialolithformswithinasalivarygland,usuallyi
ntheductofthesubmandibulargland(alsotermed"Wharton'sduct").
HoneyCrustedlesions-
Correctanswer~Impetigoisabacterialinfectionthatinvolvesthesuperficialskin.Themostcommon
presentationisyellowishcrustsontheface,arms,orlegs.Lesscommonlytheremaybelargeblisters
whichaffectthegroinorarmpits.Thelesionsmaybepainfuloritchy.Feverisuncommon.
, ItistypicallyduetoeitherStaphylococcusaureusorStreptococcuspyogenes.Riskfactorsincludeatt
endingdaycare,crowding,poornutrition,diabetesmellitus,contactsports,andbreaksintheskinsu
chasfrommosquitobites,eczema,scabies,orherpes.Withcontactitcanspreadaroundorbetween
people.Diagnosisistypicallybasedonthesymptoms.
Preventionisbyhandwashing,avoidingpeoplewhoareinfected,andcleaninginjuries.Treatmentis
typicallywithantibioticcreamssuchasmupirocinorfusidicacid.Antibioticsbymouth,suchascepha
lexin,maybeusediflargeareasareaffected.Antibiotic-resistantformshavebeenfound.
Mildacne-Correctanswer~Skinwashretinolbenzol
moderateacne-Correctanswer~retinolplustetracylinesoralabo
Retinolreaction-Correctanswer~decreaseto3timesaday
Welldemarcatedcellulitis-
Correctanswer~erysipelasaffectsthedermis,mostcommonlyonthelegs,andtendstobesharplyd
emarcated.Cellulitis,whichtypicallyaffectsthelowerlegs,involvesthesubcutaneousfatandisofte
nlesswelldemarcated....Thediagnosisofcellulitisorerysipelasisusuallyclinical.
polymyalgiarheumatica-
Correctanswer~youfeelpainandstiffnessinthemusclesinyourshouldersandupperarms(shoulde
rgirdle)andhips(pelvicgirdle).Thisfeelingoftencomesafteryou'vespenttimeresting,andismostse
vereuponwakeningfromsleep.
Fibromyalgia-
Correctanswer~canalsocausemusclepaininthesamepartsofthebody.Butit'smorewide-
spreadandthepainismoresevere.Peoplewithfibromyalgiatendtoexperienceothersymptomsas
well,including:
tiredness
troublesleeping
