SHARP ECG STUDY GUIDE REAL EXAM ACCURATE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS
EXPERT VERIFIED GET IT A+ 2025 LATEST UPDATED
Layers of the heart - ...(ANSWERS)....pericardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium - ...(ANSWERS)....outermost layer: fibrous and serous
fibrous
-outer sack that anchors the heart
serous
-inner, fluid secreting membrane with two layers
-parietal (lines inner surface of fibrous sac)
-visceral (AKA epicardium) lines myocardium
-between the two is the pericardial space, with 10-30ml of fluid to give the heart
space to relax and contract
myocardium - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Thick, middle muscular layer that makes up the
bulk of the heart wall
,ii. Composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart's ability to
contract
endocardium - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Thin layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of
heart muscle and heart chambers
ii. Extensions and folds of this tissue forms the valves of the heart.
4 primary characteristics of the heart - ...(ANSWERS)....automaticity
excitability
conductivity
contractility
automaticity - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Specific to the pacemaker cells; ability to
generate their own electrical impulse spontaneously
excitability - ...(ANSWERS)....Ability of ALL cardiac cells to respond to an electrical
impulse
conductivity - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Ability of ALL cardiac cells to conduct an electrical
impulse
contractility - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Specific to muscle cells; ability to cause cardiac
muscle contraction
, electrons/ions responsible for depolarization/repolarization of the heart muscle -
...(ANSWERS)....Potassium
i. Primary ion inside the cell
ii. Plays a role in depolarization and repolarization
Sodium
i. Primary ion outside the cell
ii. Major role in depolarization
sodium-potassium pump - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Actively transports ions across the
membrane against the electrochemical gradient
ii. In a resting cardiac cell, there are more negative ions on the inside than the
outside. This is a resting, or polarized cell. No electrical activity is occurring and
there is an isoelectric (straight) line on ECG
depolarization - ...(ANSWERS)....i. When a cell is stimulated, potassium begins to
leave the cell, increasing permeability to sodium
ii. Sodium rushes in, causing the inside of the cell to be more positive than
negative
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS
EXPERT VERIFIED GET IT A+ 2025 LATEST UPDATED
Layers of the heart - ...(ANSWERS)....pericardium
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium - ...(ANSWERS)....outermost layer: fibrous and serous
fibrous
-outer sack that anchors the heart
serous
-inner, fluid secreting membrane with two layers
-parietal (lines inner surface of fibrous sac)
-visceral (AKA epicardium) lines myocardium
-between the two is the pericardial space, with 10-30ml of fluid to give the heart
space to relax and contract
myocardium - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Thick, middle muscular layer that makes up the
bulk of the heart wall
,ii. Composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart's ability to
contract
endocardium - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Thin layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of
heart muscle and heart chambers
ii. Extensions and folds of this tissue forms the valves of the heart.
4 primary characteristics of the heart - ...(ANSWERS)....automaticity
excitability
conductivity
contractility
automaticity - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Specific to the pacemaker cells; ability to
generate their own electrical impulse spontaneously
excitability - ...(ANSWERS)....Ability of ALL cardiac cells to respond to an electrical
impulse
conductivity - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Ability of ALL cardiac cells to conduct an electrical
impulse
contractility - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Specific to muscle cells; ability to cause cardiac
muscle contraction
, electrons/ions responsible for depolarization/repolarization of the heart muscle -
...(ANSWERS)....Potassium
i. Primary ion inside the cell
ii. Plays a role in depolarization and repolarization
Sodium
i. Primary ion outside the cell
ii. Major role in depolarization
sodium-potassium pump - ...(ANSWERS)....i. Actively transports ions across the
membrane against the electrochemical gradient
ii. In a resting cardiac cell, there are more negative ions on the inside than the
outside. This is a resting, or polarized cell. No electrical activity is occurring and
there is an isoelectric (straight) line on ECG
depolarization - ...(ANSWERS)....i. When a cell is stimulated, potassium begins to
leave the cell, increasing permeability to sodium
ii. Sodium rushes in, causing the inside of the cell to be more positive than
negative
