ISB 202: BIOLOGY IN THE ENVIRONMENT – UNIT TEST
State 1. Continuous adaptive variation without reproductive isolation
State 2. Discontinuous adaptive variation with minor reproductive isolation
State 3. Adaptive differences with reversible reproductive isolation
State 4. Adaptive differences with irreversible reproductive isolation - answers✔✔Speciation is
a process (name states)
fertilized egg - answers✔✔Zygote
Pre-zygotic - Even if sperm meets the egg they might still have reproductive barriers that do not
allow the egg to fertilize.
Post-zygotic - The egg may become fertilized, however the birth rates are decreased and any
potential offspring will likely be sterile. (like mules) - answers✔✔What are the Reproductive
Barriers and their definitions
biological change over time (through generations); descent with modification from a common
ancestor - answers✔✔Evolution
changes in frequencies of alleles within a species for any given gene - answers✔✔Micro-
Evolution
speciation and other large scale changes (like extinctions) - answers✔✔Macro-Evolution
,Limited resources forced endemic species to quickly evolve to fill the wide range of niches
offered by the islands' diverse areas - answers✔✔Why is the biodiversity on the Galapagos so
high?
Anyone who ate chicken, turkey, or birds... Birds are within the clade of dinosaurs and share
derived traits inherited from a common ancestor. - answers✔✔Who ate dinosaurs last night?
can be used as an indicator for evolutionary trees. While two different species will have
different DNA patterns, DNA can still be used to estimate common ancestors. - answers✔✔DNA
Trait , physical - answers✔✔Phenotype
Letters (Yy, yy, YY) - answers✔✔Genotype
green allele = 8/10 = 0.8 = 80%
brown allele = 2/10 = 0.2 = 20% - answers✔✔What is the frequency proportion of the following:
Total # of alleles = 10
# of green alleles = 8
# of brown alleles = 2
nitrous oxide
Methane
water vapor
carbon dioxide - answers✔✔Which gasses are considered greenhouse gasses?
their presence in the atmosphere helps trap heat radiating from Earth toward space -
answers✔✔Certain gasses are called greenhouse gasses because:
, Be under water - answers✔✔If ocean sea level rises 6 m, Miami (Florida) will:
dissolving, which is facilitated by wave action, too - answers✔✔How does carbon dioxide in the
air enter into a body of water like a pond, lake, river, sea, or ocean?
30-50% - answers✔✔About what percentage of all the CO2 that has been produced by humans
since the Industrial Revolution is believed to have been absorbed by the ocean?
Decreased shell growth due to increased difficulty in extracting carbonate ions from the water. -
answers✔✔How does an increase in CO2 levels in the ocean affect animals that have shells
made from calcium carbonate?
Increased levels of atmospheric CO2 result in increased concentrations of free hydrogen ions in
the ocean, thereby causing the ocean's pH to decrease (i.e., become more acidic). -
answers✔✔How do increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect the chemistry
in the ocean?
hydrogen ions, logarithmic - answers✔✔The level of acidity (or alkalinity) is measured by pH.
The pH scale measures the concentration of ____________ and is measured on a
_____________ scale.
a very small animal related to snails, mussels, and clams - answers✔✔What is a pteropod?
Coccolithophore populations may decline because the cannot form their calcium carbonate
plates.
Coccolithophore populations can grow even more because there is more carbon dioxide to
photosynthesize. - answers✔✔Coccolithophores are single-celled algae (i.e, plants) found in the
ocean. Each cell is enclosed by calcium carbonate plates. With increased carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, what might occur?
State 1. Continuous adaptive variation without reproductive isolation
State 2. Discontinuous adaptive variation with minor reproductive isolation
State 3. Adaptive differences with reversible reproductive isolation
State 4. Adaptive differences with irreversible reproductive isolation - answers✔✔Speciation is
a process (name states)
fertilized egg - answers✔✔Zygote
Pre-zygotic - Even if sperm meets the egg they might still have reproductive barriers that do not
allow the egg to fertilize.
Post-zygotic - The egg may become fertilized, however the birth rates are decreased and any
potential offspring will likely be sterile. (like mules) - answers✔✔What are the Reproductive
Barriers and their definitions
biological change over time (through generations); descent with modification from a common
ancestor - answers✔✔Evolution
changes in frequencies of alleles within a species for any given gene - answers✔✔Micro-
Evolution
speciation and other large scale changes (like extinctions) - answers✔✔Macro-Evolution
,Limited resources forced endemic species to quickly evolve to fill the wide range of niches
offered by the islands' diverse areas - answers✔✔Why is the biodiversity on the Galapagos so
high?
Anyone who ate chicken, turkey, or birds... Birds are within the clade of dinosaurs and share
derived traits inherited from a common ancestor. - answers✔✔Who ate dinosaurs last night?
can be used as an indicator for evolutionary trees. While two different species will have
different DNA patterns, DNA can still be used to estimate common ancestors. - answers✔✔DNA
Trait , physical - answers✔✔Phenotype
Letters (Yy, yy, YY) - answers✔✔Genotype
green allele = 8/10 = 0.8 = 80%
brown allele = 2/10 = 0.2 = 20% - answers✔✔What is the frequency proportion of the following:
Total # of alleles = 10
# of green alleles = 8
# of brown alleles = 2
nitrous oxide
Methane
water vapor
carbon dioxide - answers✔✔Which gasses are considered greenhouse gasses?
their presence in the atmosphere helps trap heat radiating from Earth toward space -
answers✔✔Certain gasses are called greenhouse gasses because:
, Be under water - answers✔✔If ocean sea level rises 6 m, Miami (Florida) will:
dissolving, which is facilitated by wave action, too - answers✔✔How does carbon dioxide in the
air enter into a body of water like a pond, lake, river, sea, or ocean?
30-50% - answers✔✔About what percentage of all the CO2 that has been produced by humans
since the Industrial Revolution is believed to have been absorbed by the ocean?
Decreased shell growth due to increased difficulty in extracting carbonate ions from the water. -
answers✔✔How does an increase in CO2 levels in the ocean affect animals that have shells
made from calcium carbonate?
Increased levels of atmospheric CO2 result in increased concentrations of free hydrogen ions in
the ocean, thereby causing the ocean's pH to decrease (i.e., become more acidic). -
answers✔✔How do increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect the chemistry
in the ocean?
hydrogen ions, logarithmic - answers✔✔The level of acidity (or alkalinity) is measured by pH.
The pH scale measures the concentration of ____________ and is measured on a
_____________ scale.
a very small animal related to snails, mussels, and clams - answers✔✔What is a pteropod?
Coccolithophore populations may decline because the cannot form their calcium carbonate
plates.
Coccolithophore populations can grow even more because there is more carbon dioxide to
photosynthesize. - answers✔✔Coccolithophores are single-celled algae (i.e, plants) found in the
ocean. Each cell is enclosed by calcium carbonate plates. With increased carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, what might occur?
