BIO 215 Final Exam Review Questions
How much of the body's weight does the integument account for? - correct answer 8%
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via what?
- correct answer trans epidermal water loss
What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands
in the skin? - correct answer insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while
sensible contains water and salts and can be seen
How many weeks does the migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum
corneum take? - correct answer 2 weeks
How thick can the epidermis of the skin be? - correct answer 0.075 to 0.15 mm thick
How long are the keratinocytes of the epidermis present for? - correct answer 4 weeks
What are the two types of connective tissue in the dermis? - correct answer areolar and dense
irregular
What two things do nerve fibers in skin control? - correct answer blood flow and gland
secretion rates
Which layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae? - correct
answer papillary
What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer? - correct answer thermal insulation,
energy reservoir, and protection
What tissue composes the majority of glands? - correct answer epithelial tissue
In what four places can you find epithelial tissue? - correct answer lining many organs, lining
body cavities, covering many organs, and covering body surfaces
What two criteria are used to classify epithelial tissue? - correct answer the shape of cells at the
apical surface and number of cell layers
What tissue acts as a "gatekeeper" between cells? - correct answer epithelial tissue
What are four functions of epithelial tissue? - correct answer selective permeability, secretions,
physical protection, and sensations
What are six characteristics of epithelial tissue? - correct answer the cells are bound closely
together, it is composed almost entirely of cells, the basal surface is bound to a basement
membrane, it is richly innervated, it lacks blood vessels, and it has a high regeneration capacity.
,What structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue? - correct answer basement
membrane
What are two characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue? - correct answer it lines
blood vessels and allows for rapid diffusion or filtration
What embryonic connective tissue is found only in the umbilical cord? - correct answer mucous
connective tissue
What do endocrine glands secrete? - correct answer hormones
Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the
extracellular matrix after leaving the blood? - correct answer macrophages
What are three characteristics of collagen fibers? - correct answer they resist stretching, appear
white in fresh tissues, and are strong and flexible.
What connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side
by the material that it stores? - correct answer adipocytes
What type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear
wavy? - correct answer elastic
What connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the
skin? - correct answer adipose (fat)
What connective tissue is found ALL throughout the body, except in tendons and ligaments? -
correct answer areolar
What are three functions of adipose tissue? - correct answer cushions shock, provides padding,
and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss
In what connective tissue are collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an
applied force? - correct answer dense regular
In what four places is hyaline cartilage located? - correct answer at the ends of long bones, in
the nose, in costal cartilages, and in the fetal skeleton
What type of cartilage is the weakest and most common? - correct answer hyaline
What type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy
appearance? - correct answer hyaline cartilage
What is the dense irregular connective tissue covering long bones? - correct answer periosteum
What connective tissue functions to withstand stress applied in all directions and is extremely
durable? - correct answer dense irregular
,What are the four functions of bone? - correct answer stores calcium and phosphorus, provides
levers for movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs
What is another name for cancellous bone? - correct answer spongy bone
What component of blood is involved in blood clotting? - correct answer platelets
What are two characteristics of serous membranes? - correct answer they contain a parietal
and visceral layer; the pericardium is an example.
What are the two parts of a serous membrane? - correct answer the parietal layer that lines the
body cavity and the visceral layer that covers organs
Are there more glial cells or neuroans? - correct answer glial cells
What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? - correct answer it is multinucleated,
voluntary, and striated
How many enclosed cavities does the posterior aspect of the body have? - correct answer 2
What lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? - correct answer a thin serous membrane
with a parietal layer (lines the internal surface of the body wall) and a visceral layer (lines the
external surface of organs)
What is between the two pericardium layers? - correct answer the pericardial cavity
What membrane lines the lungs? - correct answer a two-layered serous membrane called the
pleura
In what body cavity is the stomach found? - correct answer abdominal cavity
What are the three main organs in the nervous system? - correct answer spinal cord, brain, and
peripheral nerves
What organs are in the thoracic cavity? - correct answer heart, lungs, and trachea
What are the three main organs in the abdominal cavity? - correct answer liver, stomach, and
small intestine
What body cavity is medial to the pleural cavities? - correct answer pericardial cavity
What cavity contains the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs? - correct answer
pelvic or abdominopelvic cavity
In what abdominal quadrant is the liver located? - correct answer right upper quadrant
What canal contains the spinal cord? - correct answer vertebral or spinal canal
What general cavity contains the heart and lungs? - correct answer thoracic
, What SPECIFIC body cavity contains the heart? - correct answer pericardial cavity
What GENERAL body cavity contains the lungs? - correct answer thoracic
The right and left ______ regions are inferior areas located ______ to the hypogastric region. -
correct answer iliac, lateral
What is the anatomical term for the entire foot? - correct answer pes
What is the anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis? - correct answer
pubic
What is the anatomical term for the area around the urethral and rectal openings? - correct
answer perineal
What is the region on the anterior surface of the body that is inferior to the thorax and superior
to the hip bones? - correct answer abdominal region, abdomen
What is the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist? - correct answer
antebrachial
In what body cavity is the urinary bladder found? - correct answer pelvic cavity
What is the anatomical term for the spinal column? - correct answer vertebra
What is the body cavity medial to the pleural cavity? - correct answer pericardial cavity
Which level of organization contains epithelium? - correct answer tissue
Skin and hair are major organs of the _____ system. - correct answer integumentary
anterior vs. posterior - correct answer anterior means that something is towards the front of
the body, while the word posterior means that something is towards the back of the body
ventral vs. dorsal - correct answer ventral refers to the front of the body, and dorsal refers to
the back
medial vs. lateral - correct answer medial means toward the midline of the body while lateral
means away from the midline of the body
superior vs. inferior - correct answer superior means towards the head or above something and
inferior means towards the feet or below something
proximal vs. distal - correct answer proximal means toward or nearest the trunk or the point of
origin of a part while distal means away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of
a part
external vs. internal - correct answer external indicates the outer structure of an organism (ex:
skin) while internal indicates the inner organs of an organism (ex: stomach)
How much of the body's weight does the integument account for? - correct answer 8%
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via what?
- correct answer trans epidermal water loss
What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands
in the skin? - correct answer insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while
sensible contains water and salts and can be seen
How many weeks does the migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum
corneum take? - correct answer 2 weeks
How thick can the epidermis of the skin be? - correct answer 0.075 to 0.15 mm thick
How long are the keratinocytes of the epidermis present for? - correct answer 4 weeks
What are the two types of connective tissue in the dermis? - correct answer areolar and dense
irregular
What two things do nerve fibers in skin control? - correct answer blood flow and gland
secretion rates
Which layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae? - correct
answer papillary
What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer? - correct answer thermal insulation,
energy reservoir, and protection
What tissue composes the majority of glands? - correct answer epithelial tissue
In what four places can you find epithelial tissue? - correct answer lining many organs, lining
body cavities, covering many organs, and covering body surfaces
What two criteria are used to classify epithelial tissue? - correct answer the shape of cells at the
apical surface and number of cell layers
What tissue acts as a "gatekeeper" between cells? - correct answer epithelial tissue
What are four functions of epithelial tissue? - correct answer selective permeability, secretions,
physical protection, and sensations
What are six characteristics of epithelial tissue? - correct answer the cells are bound closely
together, it is composed almost entirely of cells, the basal surface is bound to a basement
membrane, it is richly innervated, it lacks blood vessels, and it has a high regeneration capacity.
,What structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue? - correct answer basement
membrane
What are two characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue? - correct answer it lines
blood vessels and allows for rapid diffusion or filtration
What embryonic connective tissue is found only in the umbilical cord? - correct answer mucous
connective tissue
What do endocrine glands secrete? - correct answer hormones
Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the
extracellular matrix after leaving the blood? - correct answer macrophages
What are three characteristics of collagen fibers? - correct answer they resist stretching, appear
white in fresh tissues, and are strong and flexible.
What connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side
by the material that it stores? - correct answer adipocytes
What type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear
wavy? - correct answer elastic
What connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the
skin? - correct answer adipose (fat)
What connective tissue is found ALL throughout the body, except in tendons and ligaments? -
correct answer areolar
What are three functions of adipose tissue? - correct answer cushions shock, provides padding,
and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss
In what connective tissue are collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an
applied force? - correct answer dense regular
In what four places is hyaline cartilage located? - correct answer at the ends of long bones, in
the nose, in costal cartilages, and in the fetal skeleton
What type of cartilage is the weakest and most common? - correct answer hyaline
What type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy
appearance? - correct answer hyaline cartilage
What is the dense irregular connective tissue covering long bones? - correct answer periosteum
What connective tissue functions to withstand stress applied in all directions and is extremely
durable? - correct answer dense irregular
,What are the four functions of bone? - correct answer stores calcium and phosphorus, provides
levers for movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs
What is another name for cancellous bone? - correct answer spongy bone
What component of blood is involved in blood clotting? - correct answer platelets
What are two characteristics of serous membranes? - correct answer they contain a parietal
and visceral layer; the pericardium is an example.
What are the two parts of a serous membrane? - correct answer the parietal layer that lines the
body cavity and the visceral layer that covers organs
Are there more glial cells or neuroans? - correct answer glial cells
What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? - correct answer it is multinucleated,
voluntary, and striated
How many enclosed cavities does the posterior aspect of the body have? - correct answer 2
What lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? - correct answer a thin serous membrane
with a parietal layer (lines the internal surface of the body wall) and a visceral layer (lines the
external surface of organs)
What is between the two pericardium layers? - correct answer the pericardial cavity
What membrane lines the lungs? - correct answer a two-layered serous membrane called the
pleura
In what body cavity is the stomach found? - correct answer abdominal cavity
What are the three main organs in the nervous system? - correct answer spinal cord, brain, and
peripheral nerves
What organs are in the thoracic cavity? - correct answer heart, lungs, and trachea
What are the three main organs in the abdominal cavity? - correct answer liver, stomach, and
small intestine
What body cavity is medial to the pleural cavities? - correct answer pericardial cavity
What cavity contains the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs? - correct answer
pelvic or abdominopelvic cavity
In what abdominal quadrant is the liver located? - correct answer right upper quadrant
What canal contains the spinal cord? - correct answer vertebral or spinal canal
What general cavity contains the heart and lungs? - correct answer thoracic
, What SPECIFIC body cavity contains the heart? - correct answer pericardial cavity
What GENERAL body cavity contains the lungs? - correct answer thoracic
The right and left ______ regions are inferior areas located ______ to the hypogastric region. -
correct answer iliac, lateral
What is the anatomical term for the entire foot? - correct answer pes
What is the anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis? - correct answer
pubic
What is the anatomical term for the area around the urethral and rectal openings? - correct
answer perineal
What is the region on the anterior surface of the body that is inferior to the thorax and superior
to the hip bones? - correct answer abdominal region, abdomen
What is the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist? - correct answer
antebrachial
In what body cavity is the urinary bladder found? - correct answer pelvic cavity
What is the anatomical term for the spinal column? - correct answer vertebra
What is the body cavity medial to the pleural cavity? - correct answer pericardial cavity
Which level of organization contains epithelium? - correct answer tissue
Skin and hair are major organs of the _____ system. - correct answer integumentary
anterior vs. posterior - correct answer anterior means that something is towards the front of
the body, while the word posterior means that something is towards the back of the body
ventral vs. dorsal - correct answer ventral refers to the front of the body, and dorsal refers to
the back
medial vs. lateral - correct answer medial means toward the midline of the body while lateral
means away from the midline of the body
superior vs. inferior - correct answer superior means towards the head or above something and
inferior means towards the feet or below something
proximal vs. distal - correct answer proximal means toward or nearest the trunk or the point of
origin of a part while distal means away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of
a part
external vs. internal - correct answer external indicates the outer structure of an organism (ex:
skin) while internal indicates the inner organs of an organism (ex: stomach)
