MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS




Benign43cells43-43answer--
Normal43cells43growing43in43the43wrong43place43or43at43the43wrong43time

Benign43Cell43Features43-43answer--o43Harmless
o43Do43not43usually43require43intervention
o43Slow43growing
o43Tight43Adherence
o43Specific43morphology
o43Small43nuclear-to-cytoplasmic43ratio
o43Specific43differentiated43functions
o43Tight43adherence
o43Orderly43growth
o43No43migration
o43Normal43chromosomes

Benign43cell43looks43similar43to43a43-43answer--healthy43cell

Examples43of43Benign43cells43-43answer--o43Skin43Tag
o43Mole
o43Nasal43Polyp
o43Uterine43Fibroids
o43Endometriosis

Malignant43cells43-43answer--
indicates43cancer43and43can43be43harmful43to43normal43body43tissues43and43result43in43d
eath

Malignant43cell43features43-43answer--o43Large43nucleus
o43Migration
o43Doesn't43stop43and43replicates43(No43contact43inhibition)
o43Loose43adherence

,o43Rapid43or43continuous43cell43division
o43Loss43of43cellular43regulation
o43Abnormal43chromosomes43(<43or43>4323)

Seven43warning43signs43of43cancer43-43answer--o43C-
Change43in43bowel43or43bladder43patterns
o43A-A43sore43that43doesn't43heal
o43U-Unusual43bleeding43or43d/c
o.43T-Thickening43or43lump43on43breast43or43elsewhere
o43I-Indigestion43or43difficulty43swallowing
o43O-Obvious43change43in43wart43or43mole
o43N-Nagging43cough43or43hoarseness

Cancer43development43stages43of43malignancy43-43answer--o43Initiation
o43Promotion
o43Progression
o43Metastasis

Initiation43(Stage43of43malignancy)43-43answer--
Normal43cells43are43damaged43and43irreversible

Promotion43-43answer--Repeated43exposure>Enhances43growth43of43malignant43cells

Progression43-43answer--Increase43in43production43of43malignant43cells

Metastasis43-43answer--Cells43move43from43primary43site43to43the43rest43of43the43body

Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis43-43answer--cancer43development

Cancer43classification43-43answer--o43Grading
o43Ploidy
o43Staging
o43TNM
o43Doubling43time43and43mitotic43index

Grading43-43answer--Looking43under43microscope43and43determine43level/
degree43of43mutation43of43cancer43cell43from43normal43cells
o43Ex.431=43No43mutation
o434=43Severe43mutation

Ploidy43-43answer--Number43of43chromosomes

Staging43-43answer--
How43large43is43the43primary43tumor43and43how43far43has43it43spread

TNM43-43answer--o43T-Tumor43(How43large43is43primary43or432nd)

, o43N-43Node43(Are43regional43lymph43nodes43invaded43by43cancer43cell)
o43M-Metastasis43(0=None,431=There43is43metastasis)

Doubling43time43and43mitotic43index43-43answer--
Period43of43time43required43for43that43quantity43to43double43in43size43(Tells43how43aggres
sive43cancer43grows)
o43Stage431=Localized
o43Stage434=43Spread43across43the43body

Cancer43prevention43primary43-43answer--o43Sunscreen
o43Avoid43smoking
o43Removal43of43"at43risk"43tissue43(mole)
o43Chemoprevention
o43Vaccine43(HPV)

Cancer43prevention43secondary43-43answer--o43Mammogram
o43Pap43smear
o43Prostate43test

Cancer43prevention43tertiary43-43answer--
People43who43are43already43affected43and43getting43treatment43(examples43below)
o43Chemo
o43Radiation
o43Surgery,43etc.

Types43of43cancers43-43answer--
carcinoma,43sarcoma,43melanoma,43lymphoma,43leukemia,43blastoma

Carcinoma43-43answer--malignant43tumors43of43glandular43(lining)43tissues

Sarcoma43-43answer--malignant43tumor43of43connective43(bone)43tissues

Melanoma43-43answer--pigment43producing43skin43cancer

Lymphoma43-43answer--malignant43tumor43of43lymphoid43tissue

Leukemia43-43answer--white43blood43cell43tumor

Blastoma43-43answer--malignant43tumors43of43less43differentiated,43embryonal43tissue

Lab43Diagnostic43Tests43-43answer--o43CBC
o43Blood43protein43testing
o43Tumor43marker43test
o43Circulation43tumor43cell43tests

Imaging43Diagnostic43Tests43-43answer--o43CT43Scans