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1. Primary indicationfortransfer:Unavailabilityofsurgicalresourcesorsevere
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injuries.
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2. GCS score:Glasgow Coma Scale;measures consciousness level.
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3. Tensionpneumothorax:Life-threateningconditionrequiringimmediateneedle
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decompression.
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4. Spinalcord injury belowT-10:Usuallysparesbowel and bladder function.
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5. Indicationfor chest tube insertion:Conditionslike pneumothorax ormassive
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hemothorax.
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6. Immediate management of head injury:Prevent secondary brain injury
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post-trauma.
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7. Celiotomy:Surgical procedure for abdominal exploration.
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8. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage:Procedure to assess intra-abdominal bleeding.
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9. Central venous pressure line:Used for monitoring venous blood pressure.
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10. Frostbite treatment:Initial treatment involves warm (40°C) water immersion.
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, 11. Shock diagnosis criteria:Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg.
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12. Hyperflexion fractures:Inherently unstable injuries in upper thoracic spine. qw w
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13. Spinal immobilization:Use scoop stretcher or long spine board.
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14. Signs of hemothorax:Absence of breath sounds and dullness to percussion.
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15. Volume replacement guide:Blood pressure is most reliable indicator.
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16. Magnetic resonance imaging:Used to diagnose spinal cord injuries.
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17. Respiratoryrateinshock:Maybeelevatedduetocompensatorymechanisms. w
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18. Pneumatic antishock garment:Used to stabilize patients in shock.
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19. Diaphragmatic rupture:Contraindication for nasogastric intubation. qw w
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20. Central cord syndrome:Most common spinal cord injury in children.
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21. Endotracheal intubation:Indicated for patients with severe head injuries. qw w
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22. External fixation:Used for stabilizing pelvic fractures.
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23. Intravenouscrystalloidsolution:Administeredtomanagehypovolemic w
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shock.
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24. Jugular venous pressure:Indicator of right atrial pressure.
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25. Cervical spine x-ray:Essential for assessing potential spinal injuries.
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26. Epidural hematoma:Caused by arterial bleeding, often after trauma.
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27. Subdural hematoma:Venous bleeding,slower onsetof symptoms.
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28. Closed tube thoracostomy:Procedure to drain air/fluid from pleural space.
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29. Ringer's lactate solution:IV fluid used for volume resuscitation.
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30. Hypotension:Abnormally low blood pressure, here 60/0 mm Hg. w
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31. Heart rate:Number of heartbeats per minute;here 160 bpm.
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32. Respiratory rate:Number of breaths per minute;here 14 breaths. qw w
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33. Arterialbloodgasdetermination:Testtomeasureoxygenandcarbondioxide
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levels.
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