GCC Nur 152 Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Questions With
Complete Solutions
1st spacing Correct Answers Fluid is where it is supposed to
be, including fluid inside cells and inside the blood vessels.
2ns spacing Correct Answers Refers to excess fluid
accumulating in interstitial spaces. Still in contact with the areas
it is supposed to be in, so that the fluid can easily move back
into the 1st spacing areas if body conditions change. Some of the
factors that effect 2nd spacing will be hydrostatic pressure,
diffusion, and osmosis.
3rd spacing Correct Answers Trapped fluid in a place in the
body where it is difficult for it to move back into the cells or
blood vessels without medical intervention.
Actions to take for fluid volume deficit Correct Answers -
Encourage fluids (be creative)
- Administer IV hydration, as ordered
- Oral care
- Skin care
- Cover wounds to minimize losses
- Manage vomiting/diarrhea w/ meds, as ordered
- Patient education
Active transport Correct Answers Molecules move from area
of lower to higher concentration, requires energy
- e.g. sodium-potassium pump allows a higher concentration of
K+ in ICF & higher concentration of Na+ in ECF
,Assessment for Fluid Balance Correct Answers - **daily
weights**
- I&O balance
- history
- VS
- skin turgor/moisture
- mucous membranes
- lung sounds
- JVD
- edema
- LOC
- labs
Body fluid volume is regulated by what? Correct Answers
Body fluid volume regulated by intake,
output, & hormonal controls,
- renal, cardiac, & liver function
Calcitonin Correct Answers Produced by thyroid gland.
Responds to áCa. Opposite effects of PTH listed above
Causes of Fluid Volume Excess Correct Answers ECF Excess
due to fluid retention:
- CHF, Cushings, Liver Disease, Renal Failure
- Meds - Na in diet or meds, long-term steroids, hormones may
cause fluid retention
Fluid deficit due to loss:
- Vomiting, diarrhea, fistula, GI suction, sweating, 3rd spacing
(burns), diuretics, hemorrhage
, Fluid deficit due to decreased intake:
- Nausea, anorexia, inability to drink, water not available
Causes of hypercalcemia Correct Answers - 2/3 caused by
hyperparathyroidism
- 1/3 caused by malignancy breast, lung, multiple myeloma
Causes of hypocalcemia Correct Answers nAnything that
decreases production of PTH such as trauma or surgery to
parathyroid gland, neck
nVit. D deficiency, inadequate intake of Ca++
Compartment of body fluids Correct Answers 1. Intracellular
fluid (ICF)
- About 40% of total body weight (TBW FYI)
- Maintains cell size & function
2.Extracellular fluid (ECF)FYI ~15-20% of TBW
- Intravascular fluid - inside blood (AKA plasma, serum) (5%)
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
Dehydration Correct Answers the loss of pure water alone
without losing Na
Diffusion Correct Answers Movement of solutes from higher
concentration to lower
- Movement of O2 & CO2 between alveoli & capillaries
- Facilitated diffusion - movement of glucose across cell
membrane.
Edema Correct Answers Fluid shift from vascular space to
interstitial space R/T:
Complete Solutions
1st spacing Correct Answers Fluid is where it is supposed to
be, including fluid inside cells and inside the blood vessels.
2ns spacing Correct Answers Refers to excess fluid
accumulating in interstitial spaces. Still in contact with the areas
it is supposed to be in, so that the fluid can easily move back
into the 1st spacing areas if body conditions change. Some of the
factors that effect 2nd spacing will be hydrostatic pressure,
diffusion, and osmosis.
3rd spacing Correct Answers Trapped fluid in a place in the
body where it is difficult for it to move back into the cells or
blood vessels without medical intervention.
Actions to take for fluid volume deficit Correct Answers -
Encourage fluids (be creative)
- Administer IV hydration, as ordered
- Oral care
- Skin care
- Cover wounds to minimize losses
- Manage vomiting/diarrhea w/ meds, as ordered
- Patient education
Active transport Correct Answers Molecules move from area
of lower to higher concentration, requires energy
- e.g. sodium-potassium pump allows a higher concentration of
K+ in ICF & higher concentration of Na+ in ECF
,Assessment for Fluid Balance Correct Answers - **daily
weights**
- I&O balance
- history
- VS
- skin turgor/moisture
- mucous membranes
- lung sounds
- JVD
- edema
- LOC
- labs
Body fluid volume is regulated by what? Correct Answers
Body fluid volume regulated by intake,
output, & hormonal controls,
- renal, cardiac, & liver function
Calcitonin Correct Answers Produced by thyroid gland.
Responds to áCa. Opposite effects of PTH listed above
Causes of Fluid Volume Excess Correct Answers ECF Excess
due to fluid retention:
- CHF, Cushings, Liver Disease, Renal Failure
- Meds - Na in diet or meds, long-term steroids, hormones may
cause fluid retention
Fluid deficit due to loss:
- Vomiting, diarrhea, fistula, GI suction, sweating, 3rd spacing
(burns), diuretics, hemorrhage
, Fluid deficit due to decreased intake:
- Nausea, anorexia, inability to drink, water not available
Causes of hypercalcemia Correct Answers - 2/3 caused by
hyperparathyroidism
- 1/3 caused by malignancy breast, lung, multiple myeloma
Causes of hypocalcemia Correct Answers nAnything that
decreases production of PTH such as trauma or surgery to
parathyroid gland, neck
nVit. D deficiency, inadequate intake of Ca++
Compartment of body fluids Correct Answers 1. Intracellular
fluid (ICF)
- About 40% of total body weight (TBW FYI)
- Maintains cell size & function
2.Extracellular fluid (ECF)FYI ~15-20% of TBW
- Intravascular fluid - inside blood (AKA plasma, serum) (5%)
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
Dehydration Correct Answers the loss of pure water alone
without losing Na
Diffusion Correct Answers Movement of solutes from higher
concentration to lower
- Movement of O2 & CO2 between alveoli & capillaries
- Facilitated diffusion - movement of glucose across cell
membrane.
Edema Correct Answers Fluid shift from vascular space to
interstitial space R/T:
