primary care geriatrics 2025

, Table of content

Chapter 1: Principles of Primary Care of Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 2: Interprofessional Team Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 3: Geriatric Assessment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 4: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Medicine in Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 5: Wellness and Prevention

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 6: Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Caring for Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 7: Appropriate Prescribing

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 8: Ethics

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 9: Financing and Organization of Healthcare

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 10: Billing and Coding

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 11–20

Chapter 11: Hospital Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 12: Long-Term Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 13: Home Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 14: Rehabilitation

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 15: Palliative Care

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 16: Emergency Care

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 17: Delirium

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 18: Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias
• Test Question Answers


Chapter 19: Depression

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 20: Gait, Balance, and Falls

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 21–30

Chapter 21: Dizziness
• Test Question Answers


Chapter 22: Syncope

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 23: Urinary Incontinence

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 24: Constipation and Fecal Incontinence

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 25: Hearing Impairment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 26: Visual Impairment and Eye Problems



• Test Question Answers


Chapter 27: Persistent Pain



• Test Question Answers


Chapter 28: Malnutrition and Feeding Problems

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 29: Frailty

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 30: Pressure Injuries

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 31–40

Chapter 31: Sleep Disorders in Older Individuals

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 32: Sexual Health


• Test Question Answers


Chapter 33: Elder Mistreatment

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 34: Substance Use in Older Adults

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 35: Driving

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 36: Hypertension

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 37: Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 38: Heart Failure

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 39: Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 40: Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

• Test Question Answers




Chapters 41–54

Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 42: Thyroid Disorders

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 43: Osteoporosis

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 44: Arthritis and Related Disorders

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 45: Foot Problems

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 46: Cancer

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 47: Anemia in Older Adults

,• Test Question Answers


Chapter 48: Pulmonary Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 49: Infectious Diseases

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 50: Gastroenterology

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 51: Benign Prostate Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 52: Parkinson Disease

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 53: Oral Disorders and Systemic Diseases

• Test Question Answers


Chapter 54: Skin Problems

• Test Question Answers

,Chapter 1
Question 1
An 82-year-old woman presents for her annual exam. She
reports mild difficulty hearing conversations in a noisy
restaurant but denies tinnitus or dizziness. On exam her
whispered voice test is reduced, but otoscopy is normal. Which
of the following best characterizes her hearing change?
A. Presbycusis (sensorineural loss) – typical of normal aging
B. Cerumen impaction – treatable with cerumenolytics
C. Otosclerosis – characterized by conductive loss
D. Vestibular Schwannoma – associated with unilateral loss
Answer: A. Presbycusis (sensorineural loss) – typical of normal
aging
Rationale: Chapter 1 describes presbycusis as age-related,
bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss that first affects
high frequencies and is exacerbated in noisy environments.
Cerumen impaction and otosclerosis are disease processes;
vestibular schwannoma causes unilateral symptoms (Warshaw
et al., Ch 1).


Question 2
A 76-year-old man reports increasing forgetfulness—misplacing
keys, forgetting appointments—but has no difficulty with

, activities of daily living (ADLs). His MMSE is 28/30. What does
this most likely represent?
A. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) – transitional stage between
normal aging and dementia
B. Early Alzheimer’s disease – requires cholinesterase inhibitors
C. Pseudodementia – depression-related memory loss
D. Normal age-related cognitive change – no intervention
needed
Answer: A. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) – transitional stage
between normal aging and dementia
Rationale: Chapter 1 differentiates normal “benign
forgetfulness” (unchanged ADLs, MMSE ≥ 27) from MCI, where
subtle memory deficits exist without significant functional
impairment. Early Alzheimer’s meets dementia criteria;
pseudodementia features mood symptoms (Warshaw et al.,
Ch 1).


Question 3
A 79-year-old man with hypertension and osteoarthritis asks
about starting a new exercise program. According to Chapter 1,
which principle best applies to prescribing exercise for older
adults?
A. “Start low and go slow” – gradually increase intensity
B. Avoid resistance training – risk of injury is too high