Med-Surg II Advanced Cardiovascular and
Dysrhythmia Exam 1 Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Answers 2025-2026
Graded A+
Unit I Advanced Cardiovascular
1. What risk factors increase someone’s chance of having a
myocardial infarction?
-Cigarette smoking
-Hyperlipidemia
-Type 2 Diabetes
-Obesity
-HTN
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Coronary Artery Disease
-Family history/especially cholesterol
-Gender (male) & age-things doesn't work as well with age.
2. When someone presents with symptoms of myocardial infarction,
how is it diagnosed?
,Diagnosis of MI:
ECG changes
Cardiac Enzymes analysis
WBC's
Note: patients assessment and electrocardiogram/ECG 5-10 minutes
from that patient arrival.
It's important to repeat the ECG because the first one is not a real
diagnostic.
Is there anything else that you want to know about his past medical
history? (case study) (Mr. Martin King).
Class
-Chest pain (angina)
-Diaphoresis
-Nausea
-Anxiety
-Quality pain assessment (what makes it worse,
-Asked the patient for physical activity and diet, how does it looks like.
-Trauma, past surgery or recent surgery.
-Labs-,most recent lipid panel
-Family Cardiac history
-Is the patient stress?
-Monitor hight & weight, to determine if the patient is in the obese
category because this increase the risk for MI as well.
,-Check for blood glucose
3. Explain the “three I’s of an MI” with a description of the ECG
waveforms.
-Ischemia
-Injury: STEMI
-Infart
These are progressive changes that you will see on your patient's
electrocardiogram that are associated with the diagnosis of an MI in
area of infarction can develop in the heart over minutes 2 hours, so
what that means is that your patient can progress through these
changes in a matter of minutes to hours and your job is to help detect
these changes on the electrocardiogram so that your patient can
receive proper treatment.
Ischemia: The first change that you may find
on the ECG is the ischemic change, which happens when the heart cells
are beginning to be deprived of oxygen.
The characteristic waveforms changes that
are associated with this ischemia are an inverted T wave and St
segment depression
-Injury: STEMI: As the myocardial infarction progress, as you begin to
see St segment elevation along with the original T wave inversion and
this happens when the ischemia has progressed to cellular injury and
the cells in the heart are starting to die. with St segment elevation that
St segment presents as a line above the
baseline when interpreting the ECG, the provider will actually measure
how much that St segment is elevated above baseline. You may have
, heard the term STEMI, which is used when the patient is experiencing
an MI that presents With this electrocardiogram change and it stands
for St Elevation, MI. It is very important for you to know how to
recognize St segment on your patients ECG because this is
a good indication that someone is experiencing a myocardial infarction.
When this change appears,
you need to notify the provider so that you can start interventions and
begin important life saving treatments immediately.
Infarction:
The ECG representing infarction is called a significant Q wave. It can
take hours to days for this to appear
on the ECG depending on the extent of the MI.
These significant Q wave is the lasting sign of resulting damage from an
MI. Think of this as the aftermath. Race car this is what actually
confirms that
the patient had a myocardial infarction. However, you do not want to
wait for your patient to have a significant Q wave to begin treatment
because at this point it would be too late to reverse the damage.
Sometimes your patient may have a significant Q wave on a routine
electrocardiogram which indicates
that they experienced an MI at some point in their past.
Non-STEMI:
-no definitive ECG Indicators of MI.
-Cardiac enzymes are elevated.
Dysrhythmia Exam 1 Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Answers 2025-2026
Graded A+
Unit I Advanced Cardiovascular
1. What risk factors increase someone’s chance of having a
myocardial infarction?
-Cigarette smoking
-Hyperlipidemia
-Type 2 Diabetes
-Obesity
-HTN
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Coronary Artery Disease
-Family history/especially cholesterol
-Gender (male) & age-things doesn't work as well with age.
2. When someone presents with symptoms of myocardial infarction,
how is it diagnosed?
,Diagnosis of MI:
ECG changes
Cardiac Enzymes analysis
WBC's
Note: patients assessment and electrocardiogram/ECG 5-10 minutes
from that patient arrival.
It's important to repeat the ECG because the first one is not a real
diagnostic.
Is there anything else that you want to know about his past medical
history? (case study) (Mr. Martin King).
Class
-Chest pain (angina)
-Diaphoresis
-Nausea
-Anxiety
-Quality pain assessment (what makes it worse,
-Asked the patient for physical activity and diet, how does it looks like.
-Trauma, past surgery or recent surgery.
-Labs-,most recent lipid panel
-Family Cardiac history
-Is the patient stress?
-Monitor hight & weight, to determine if the patient is in the obese
category because this increase the risk for MI as well.
,-Check for blood glucose
3. Explain the “three I’s of an MI” with a description of the ECG
waveforms.
-Ischemia
-Injury: STEMI
-Infart
These are progressive changes that you will see on your patient's
electrocardiogram that are associated with the diagnosis of an MI in
area of infarction can develop in the heart over minutes 2 hours, so
what that means is that your patient can progress through these
changes in a matter of minutes to hours and your job is to help detect
these changes on the electrocardiogram so that your patient can
receive proper treatment.
Ischemia: The first change that you may find
on the ECG is the ischemic change, which happens when the heart cells
are beginning to be deprived of oxygen.
The characteristic waveforms changes that
are associated with this ischemia are an inverted T wave and St
segment depression
-Injury: STEMI: As the myocardial infarction progress, as you begin to
see St segment elevation along with the original T wave inversion and
this happens when the ischemia has progressed to cellular injury and
the cells in the heart are starting to die. with St segment elevation that
St segment presents as a line above the
baseline when interpreting the ECG, the provider will actually measure
how much that St segment is elevated above baseline. You may have
, heard the term STEMI, which is used when the patient is experiencing
an MI that presents With this electrocardiogram change and it stands
for St Elevation, MI. It is very important for you to know how to
recognize St segment on your patients ECG because this is
a good indication that someone is experiencing a myocardial infarction.
When this change appears,
you need to notify the provider so that you can start interventions and
begin important life saving treatments immediately.
Infarction:
The ECG representing infarction is called a significant Q wave. It can
take hours to days for this to appear
on the ECG depending on the extent of the MI.
These significant Q wave is the lasting sign of resulting damage from an
MI. Think of this as the aftermath. Race car this is what actually
confirms that
the patient had a myocardial infarction. However, you do not want to
wait for your patient to have a significant Q wave to begin treatment
because at this point it would be too late to reverse the damage.
Sometimes your patient may have a significant Q wave on a routine
electrocardiogram which indicates
that they experienced an MI at some point in their past.
Non-STEMI:
-no definitive ECG Indicators of MI.
-Cardiac enzymes are elevated.
