Mental Health Exam 1 Advanced text Questions Answers well detailed

Florence Nightingale - ANSWERSConsidered the "founder" of nursing. Harriet Bailey - ANSWERSwrote the first textbook in 1920 on psychiatric nursing Dorothea Dix () - ANSWERSSchool teacher not nurse. Primary focus was prisoners & people with mental illnesses Linda Richard - ANSWERSUpgraded nursing education. One of the first five students enrolled in an American nursing program. Opened the Boston City Hospital Training School to teach about caring for the mentally ill. By 1890, more than 30 asylums were opened in the U.S. Mary Mahoney - ANSWERSFirst AA professional nurse Hildgegard Peplau- believed that nursing is multifaceted abd that the nurse must educate and promote wellness as well as deliver care to the ill. Hattie Bessent - ANSWERSCredited with the development and directorship of the the NIMH to donate money to minority nurses to upgrade to masters & doctorate programs. Bessie Blount Griffin () - ANSWERSwas a practical nurse, physical therapist, and forensic scientist specializing in handwriting Asylums - ANSWERSan institution for the care of the needy or sick and especially of the insane. Patients in asylums were treated as less than human. Byberry, later named Philadelphia State Hospital saw its last patient in 1990, due to inhumane treatment of patients Hospitals - ANSWERS-In 1753 PA hospital established a facility to treat the mental ill, established by Dr.Thomas Bond & Benjamin Franklin - under the 1963 Mental Health Act, housing of the mentally ill was handled by state hospital systems - Today, treat the mentally ill based of the size of the hospital and its resources free standing facilities - ANSWERSAlso known as detox or crisis centers. Nurse training - ANSWERSClinical training wasn't required for nursing students until 1937. psychotropic medications - ANSWERSIn 1955, a group of psychotropic medications were discovered called phenothiazines to help to tranquilize patients, such as Thorazine ( HCI). Deinstitutionalization - ANSWERSPeople who has formally required long hospital stays were now able to leave the institution and return to their communities. Organizations for mental health nurses and others - ANSWERSThe ANA- organization for RNs The American Psychiatric Nurses Association- provides leaderships in recommending standards of care for RNs who can for mentally ill patients. National Alliance on Mental Illness- committed to making life better for Americans with mental health disorders. NALPN, NAPNES- Standard of practice for LPNSs Hill-Burton Act of 1946 - ANSWERS-First major law to address mental illness. -Was developed to provide funding to build psychiatric hospitals. - Protects people below the poverty line and without insurance from being denied mental health care National Mental Health Act of 1946 - ANSWERSEstablished the National Institute of Mental Health Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 - ANSWERSProvide a full set of services to people within the community, because president JFK were concerned with the treatment of the mentally ill. Patient Bill of Rights - ANSWERSEstablished in 1973, a list of rights that are designed to protect both the patient and HCP Affordable Care Act - ANSWERSBill allowing citizens and non-citizens to purchase health care insurance through the patient protection and affordable care act. C.E. Shannon - ANSWERSIn 1948, published an article in The Bell System Technical Journal for the purpose of explaining how to solve mathematical problems The sender of a message - ANSWERSOnly partially responsible for the communication Receiver - ANSWERSReceives and interprets the message verbal communication - ANSWERSexpressing ideas to others by using spoken words Written communication - ANSWERSany communication that must be read Non-verbal communication - ANSWERSCommunicating without the use of words. aggressive communication - ANSWERSself-serving communication that does not take a listener's feelings and rights into account. assertive communication - ANSWERScommunication that takes a listener's feelings and rights into account social communication - ANSWERSThe day-to-day interaction with personal acquaintances. Slang or "street language" may be used. Less literal and purposeful in social interactions. Therapeutic communication - ANSWERScommunication between the healthcare provider and patient (as well as the patient's family) that takes place to advance the patient's well-being and care. Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) - ANSWERSway of framing statements and questions to communicate more effectively Hearing impaired patients - ANSWERS-Gently touch the patient's arm or shoulder to get their attention. -Address patient directly. -Obtain feedback -Encourage questions. -Determine level of hearing loss and what assistive devices are used by the patient. -Increase voice volume if appropriate, but do not shout. -Speak distinctively and slowly using short sentences and pauses. -Eliminate as much background noise as possible. -Offer note pads and other communication devices. -Pictures and captioned videos as appropriate. -Facilitate return demonstrations as appropriate. Communicating with visually impaired patients - ANSWERS-Explain everything you are doing in detail as you are doing it -Stay in physical contact with the patient as you begin care -Transport with any mobility aids including service dogs if it is safe/reasonable to do so Communicating with patients with laryngectomies - ANSWERS-communication boards -voice prosthesis Communicating with patients who has Aphasia/Dysphasia - ANSWERSBe understanding Repeat what the patient stated Therapeutic Communication Techniques - ANSWERSReflecting, repeating, parroting - clarifying terms - open-ended questions -Asking for what you need or want - identifying feelings and thoughts - using empathy - Silence - giving information - Using general leads - stating implied thoughts and feelings Nontherapeutic Communication Techniques - ANSWERS-False reassurances/ social cliches - Minimizing/belittling - "Why?" - Advising - Agreeing or Disagreeing - Closed-ended questions - Providing the answer with the question - Changing the subject - Approving or disapproving Adaptive communication techniques for patenting with hearing impairments - ANSWERS- write with pencil and paper - prove patient with amplifying device to enhance hearing - install safety alarms in the home or provide when in facility - speech reading Adaptive communication techniques for patients with visual impairments - ANSWERS- Audio books - Braille- prepared computers - magnifiers - corrective lenses - guide dogs Adaptive communication techniques for patients with laryngectomies - ANSWERS- place an amplifier over the area of the larynx - esophageal speech - tracheoesphoeal puncture - communication board - picture Adaptive communication techniques for patients with languages differences - ANSWERSUse a board certified language translator Adaptive communication techniques for aphasic/dysphasic patients - ANSWERS- change the rate pitch of speech using objects - pictures - spelling board - computerized equipment Professionalism - ANSWERSCharacterized by or conforming to the technical or ethical standards of a profession. Ethics - ANSWERSConducting yourself in a manner that reflects fundamental moral principles that govern behavior Autonomy - ANSWERSNurses ability to act independently at times and to self-direct, as well as to a patient's ability to make their own decisions Beneficence - ANSWERSThe nurse acts for the good or welfare of the patient Nonmaleficence - ANSWERSduty to do no harm Justice - ANSWERSRefers to the principle that health care providers should provide care fairly and justly Veracity - ANSWERStruthfulness, honesty fidelity - ANSWERSFaithful to the promise you make as a nurse evidence-based practice - ANSWERSRefers to the practices found through research that provide a positive out one when applied to patience care Standard care act - ANSWERSNursing organizations who has created codes of conduct and standards for care to guide nurses in practice. Nurse Practice Act - ANSWERSdictates the acceptable scope of nursing practice for the different levels of nursing Accurate documentation - ANSWERSA nurse's best legal defense is the quality of their verbal and written communication. " if it is not charted, it has not been done." Culture of nurses - ANSWERSProfessional values, rituals, and traditions passed down from one generation of nurses to the next Proxemics - ANSWERSstudy of personal space Chronemics - ANSWERSthe study of how humans use and structure time Confidentiality - ANSWERSthe act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals Doctrine of privileged information - ANSWERSA bond between patient and physician. Under this doctrine, the physician has the right to refuse to answer certain questions (e.g., in a court of law) and can cite "privileged physician-patient information." HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) - ANSWERSa federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy of patients' health information The Joint Commission - ANSWERSa not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits different types of healthcare facilities Responsibility - ANSWERSPerforming to the best of one's ability within the boundaries of that scope of practice Accountability - ANSWERSWillingness to take credit and blame for actions. Impaired nurses - ANSWERSInappropriate use and misuse of mind-altering chemicals such as alcohol, prescription drugs, or nonprescription drugs can render a nurse legally unsafe Good Samaritan Law - ANSWERSOffers immunity from prosecution for citizens who stop to assist someone in need for medical help Involuntary commitment - ANSWERSprocedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or another facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others or their inability to care for themselves. Average length is 48-72 hours. Voluntary Commitment - ANSWERSThe circumstance in which the individual agrees to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital and is permitted to leave at any time. Restraints Usage - ANSWERSOnly a physician or nurse practitioner may order the use of restraints, except in an emergency. According to the AMA, a physician will decide if the restraints will be physical or chemical If not applied properly, restraints may cause injury, permanent disability, or death. All oral orders for physical restraints, must be signed by a health-care provider within 24 hours Patient Rights - ANSWERS1990 Patient Self-determination Act - Right to facilitate their own health-care decisions - The right to accept or refuse medical treatment - the right to make an advance health-care directive Patient rights - ANSWERS1. Right to treatment in the least restrictive alternative 2. Right from restraints and seclusion ( except in emergencies) 3. Right to give or refuse medications/ treatments) 4. Right to possess and have access to personal belongings 5. Right to daily exercise 6. Right to visitors 7. Right to writing material 8. Right to Uncensored mail 9. Right to Courts and attorneys 10. Right to employment compensation 11. Right to Confidentiality 12. Right to be informed of these rights Patient advocacy is: - ANSWERSActing on behalf of your patient, family, groups, or community to help obtain services and rights to advance well-being. Community resources - ANSWERSAccording to the provisions of the community mental health centers act, every community should offer some form of help to people with mental health disorders and those who abuse drugs. Human Development - ANSWERSthe scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death Sigmund Freud () - ANSWERSfounder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind Sigmund Freud Stages - ANSWERSOral stage: birth-1 eroticism on mouth pleasure from sucking autoerotic Anal stage: 1-3 sexually active autoerotic but pleasure in anus Phillac stage: 3-5 exhibit interest in genitals Latency stage: 6 sexual impulses no longer active Genital stage: entering puberty are interested in gender sexual activity especially in intercourse Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - ANSWERSstage theory of psychosocial development, lifespan consists of eight dilemmas that must be solved correctly in order to solve the next dilemma Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANSWERS(1) Trust vs. Mistrust; infancy birth- 18 months ;Nurturing caregivers build trust in the newborn ) (2) Autonomy vs. Shame; Early childhood 2-3 years ( "NO!"! Toddler learns environment can be manipulated) (3) Initiative vs. Guilt; Preschool 3-5 years ( Child learns assertiveness can manipulate environment; diss approval leads to guilt in the toddler) (4) Industry vs. Inferiority; School age 6-11 ( creativity or shyness develops) (5) Identity vs. Confusion; Adolescence 12-18 ( individuals integrated life experiences or become confused) (6) Intimacy vs. Isolation; young adult 19-40 ( Main concern is developing intimate relationships with others) (7) Generativity vs. Self-absorption; Adulthood 40-65 years ( focus on establishing families and guiding the next generation)