Leadership Studies
Lecture #5 Notes
Leadership: Public and Private
The Civil Society
A Short Introduction: Leadership vs. Participation
A Participatory Bottom-Up Process
There is a difference between leadership as a top-down process (i.e. one individual is
running the show) versus participation as a bottom-up process
MDGS versus SDGs
o UN Millennium Declaration founded 8 MDGs (Millennial Development Goals)
Consisted of a group of 1,350 representatives of over 1,000 civil society
organizations from 140 countries
Clear example of bottom-up process: civil society organizations join
forces to influence the world
o Open Working Group (OWG) founded 17 SDGs
Consisted of representatives of civil society, private sector, academia and
local and national governments from 30 nations
Example of top-down process
, Leadership in civil society: is it about the privatization of
democracy or safeguarding against dictatorship (of the majority)?
Three Different Sectors: One World
Public (“state”)
Private (“firm”)
Private with a public twist (i.e. civil society, “NPO/NGO”)
o Private individual citizens doing something; aim is
to achieve a public goal, not to attain profit for
themselves
o NPO non-profit organizations
o NGO non-governmental
organizations
Movement From Indirect to Direct Solidarity
Three driving forces:
Governmental austerity
Liberal economy
Citizens self-organization
Indirect solidarity (state/government):
The state identifies which citizens are in
need and redistributes from people who ‘have’ to people who ‘don’t have’
o This occurs in an indirect way (e.g. unvoluntary taxes)
The majority decides
Citizens have the right to this transfer of solidarity
Direct solidarity (civil society)
Lecture #5 Notes
Leadership: Public and Private
The Civil Society
A Short Introduction: Leadership vs. Participation
A Participatory Bottom-Up Process
There is a difference between leadership as a top-down process (i.e. one individual is
running the show) versus participation as a bottom-up process
MDGS versus SDGs
o UN Millennium Declaration founded 8 MDGs (Millennial Development Goals)
Consisted of a group of 1,350 representatives of over 1,000 civil society
organizations from 140 countries
Clear example of bottom-up process: civil society organizations join
forces to influence the world
o Open Working Group (OWG) founded 17 SDGs
Consisted of representatives of civil society, private sector, academia and
local and national governments from 30 nations
Example of top-down process
, Leadership in civil society: is it about the privatization of
democracy or safeguarding against dictatorship (of the majority)?
Three Different Sectors: One World
Public (“state”)
Private (“firm”)
Private with a public twist (i.e. civil society, “NPO/NGO”)
o Private individual citizens doing something; aim is
to achieve a public goal, not to attain profit for
themselves
o NPO non-profit organizations
o NGO non-governmental
organizations
Movement From Indirect to Direct Solidarity
Three driving forces:
Governmental austerity
Liberal economy
Citizens self-organization
Indirect solidarity (state/government):
The state identifies which citizens are in
need and redistributes from people who ‘have’ to people who ‘don’t have’
o This occurs in an indirect way (e.g. unvoluntary taxes)
The majority decides
Citizens have the right to this transfer of solidarity
Direct solidarity (civil society)
