FNP PEDIATRICS EXAM 3 LATEST
VERSIONS (VERSION A, B & C) ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+
/. 1. Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? - Answer-A
Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are obligatory nose breathers and are unable to
breathe in through their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to a
young infant. This selection is the only option that accurately describes why nasal
congestion is a serious threat to young infants. Although infants' nares are smaller than
older children, this is not the main reason why congestion poses such a threat.
Becoming dehydrated also is not a factor. The size of their epiglottis is also not as big a
factor in young infants.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.2. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants
when they are born between how many weeks of gestation? - Answer-D
A lack of surfactant leads to RDS. Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30
and 36 weeks, so a baby born between these weeks would have less of developing
RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.3. A healthcare professional is educating a community parent group and informs them
that which type of croup is most common? - Answer-B
In 85% of children with croup, a virus is the cause, most commonly parainfluenza. The
healthcare professional would inform the parent group of this fact.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.4. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? -
Answer-C
RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in
alveolar surface area for gas exchange. RDS is not caused by having an immature
immune system, small alveoli, or anemia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
,/.5. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of
the newborn? - Answer-C
The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is difficult
for the neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is
required to open the alveoli with each breath. Consolidation, pulmonary edema, and
bronchiolar plugging are not the primary problems in RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.6. Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by
what type of infection? - Answer-A
The most common associated pathogen is RSV, but bronchiolitis may also be
associated with adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza virus (PIV), and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.7. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? - Answer-C
Included in the long list of asthma-associated genes are those that code for increased
levels of immune and inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin [IL]-4, IgE, leukotrienes),
nitric oxide, and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. IgM, IgG, and
IgA are not associated with childhood asthma.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.8. Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood allergic asthma?
- Answer-B
Early onset allergic asthma is initiated by a type I hypersensitivity reaction primarily
mediated by Th2 lymphocytes whose cytokines activate mast cells, eosinophilia,
leukocytosis, and enhance B-cell IgE production.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.9. A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link
specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is
best? - Answer-C
Linking specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes is leading to targeted therapies
and personalized approaches to asthma treatment. It may be true that some types are
easier to treat or that some people could use different, less expensive medications, but
those responses are too narrow in focus to be the best answer. Several phenotypes of
asthma have already been recognized.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
/.10. Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood
asthma? - Answer-A
,Asthma is an obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,
bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. A disease with severe hypoxemia,
decreased compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray is ARDS. The viscous
mucus lining the airways and other organs and tissues is seen in cystic fibrosis.
Surfactant deficiency is found in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
/.11. A 7 year-old-child presents to the clinic where parents report signs and symptoms
consistent with asthma. What does the healthcare professional do in order to confirm
this diagnosis? - Answer-C
Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma relies on pulmonary function testing using
spirometry, which can be accomplished after the child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced
expiratory flow rates that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would
be characteristic abnormalities. For younger children, an empiric trial of asthma
medications is commonly initiated. A positive parental history of asthma and elevated
levels of IgE and eosinophils are major historical and physical factors that contribute but
do not confirm the diagnosis of asthma in children.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
/.12. Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)? - Answer-B
ARDS is a condition that can result from either a direct or indirect pulmonary insult. It is
defined as respiratory failure of acute onset characterized by severe hypoxemia that is
refractory to treatment with supplemental oxygen, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray
imaging, and no evidence of heart failure, as well as decreased pulmonary compliance.
The disorder with reversible airflow limitation is asthma. The disease with viscous
mucus that lines the airways and other organs and tissues is cystic fibrosis. A surfactant
deficiency occurs in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.13. When assessing for the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), the absence of which condition is considered characteristic? -
Answer-D
ARDS is characterized by progressive respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia refractory
to treatment with supplemental oxygen, decreased pulmonary compliance, bilateral
infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence of heart failure.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.14. Parents bring a 5-year-old to the Emergency Department and report sudden onset
of high fever, drooling, and they describe a "hot potato voice." What action by the
healthcare professional takes priority? - Answer-B
, This child has manifestations of epiglottitis. Inflammation can lead to airway obstruction
rapidly so the main focus of immediate care is securing the airway and keeping the child
calm because agitation can worsen the airway problems. Allow the child to remain on
the parent's lap for all examinations and tests. Examination of the throat in this condition
may trigger laryngospasm and cause respiratory collapse so this is not done. The child
should not be sent out of the department for x-rays as death can occur quickly. After the
child has been stabilized, family members can begin post-exposure prophylaxis with
rifampin.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
/.15. Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? - Answer-C
Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal
expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas,
sweat ducts, and vas deferens. Reversible airflow limitations are seen in asthma.
Severe hypoxemia and diffuse densities seen on x-ray are characteristic of ARDS.
Surfactant deficiency leads to RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.16. Parents of a child with cystic fibrosis want to know the chance of their next baby
having this disease. What response by the healthcare professional is most accurate? -
Answer-A
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. When two parents each
have the trait (are carriers), each child will have a 25% chance of having normal genes
and being unaffected, a 50% chance of inheriting one of the mutated genes and being a
carrier, and a 25% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from both parents and having
the disease.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.17. What abnormalities lead to the mucus plugging seen in children with cystic fibrosis
(CF)? - Answer-C
Respiratory mucus in CF is dehydrated and viscous because of impaired chloride
secretion and excess sodium absorption. The gut's ability to absorb water is not
affected. The inflammatory response is active in this disease process. Pulmonary
remodeling does lead to chronic hypoxia, but this is not related to mucus plugging.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.18. Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most
often occur? - Answer-B
The incidence of SIDS is low during the first month of life but sharply increases in the
second month of life, peaking at 2 to 4 months and is unusual after 6 months of age.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
VERSIONS (VERSION A, B & C) ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+
/. 1. Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? - Answer-A
Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are obligatory nose breathers and are unable to
breathe in through their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to a
young infant. This selection is the only option that accurately describes why nasal
congestion is a serious threat to young infants. Although infants' nares are smaller than
older children, this is not the main reason why congestion poses such a threat.
Becoming dehydrated also is not a factor. The size of their epiglottis is also not as big a
factor in young infants.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.2. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants
when they are born between how many weeks of gestation? - Answer-D
A lack of surfactant leads to RDS. Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30
and 36 weeks, so a baby born between these weeks would have less of developing
RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.3. A healthcare professional is educating a community parent group and informs them
that which type of croup is most common? - Answer-B
In 85% of children with croup, a virus is the cause, most commonly parainfluenza. The
healthcare professional would inform the parent group of this fact.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.4. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? -
Answer-C
RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a deficiency in
alveolar surface area for gas exchange. RDS is not caused by having an immature
immune system, small alveoli, or anemia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
,/.5. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of
the newborn? - Answer-C
The primary problem is atelectasis, which causes significant hypoxemia and is difficult
for the neonate to overcome because a significant negative inspiratory pressure is
required to open the alveoli with each breath. Consolidation, pulmonary edema, and
bronchiolar plugging are not the primary problems in RDS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.6. Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by
what type of infection? - Answer-A
The most common associated pathogen is RSV, but bronchiolitis may also be
associated with adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza virus (PIV), and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.7. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? - Answer-C
Included in the long list of asthma-associated genes are those that code for increased
levels of immune and inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin [IL]-4, IgE, leukotrienes),
nitric oxide, and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. IgM, IgG, and
IgA are not associated with childhood asthma.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.8. Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood allergic asthma?
- Answer-B
Early onset allergic asthma is initiated by a type I hypersensitivity reaction primarily
mediated by Th2 lymphocytes whose cytokines activate mast cells, eosinophilia,
leukocytosis, and enhance B-cell IgE production.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.9. A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link
specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is
best? - Answer-C
Linking specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes is leading to targeted therapies
and personalized approaches to asthma treatment. It may be true that some types are
easier to treat or that some people could use different, less expensive medications, but
those responses are too narrow in focus to be the best answer. Several phenotypes of
asthma have already been recognized.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
/.10. Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood
asthma? - Answer-A
,Asthma is an obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,
bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. A disease with severe hypoxemia,
decreased compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray is ARDS. The viscous
mucus lining the airways and other organs and tissues is seen in cystic fibrosis.
Surfactant deficiency is found in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
/.11. A 7 year-old-child presents to the clinic where parents report signs and symptoms
consistent with asthma. What does the healthcare professional do in order to confirm
this diagnosis? - Answer-C
Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma relies on pulmonary function testing using
spirometry, which can be accomplished after the child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced
expiratory flow rates that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would
be characteristic abnormalities. For younger children, an empiric trial of asthma
medications is commonly initiated. A positive parental history of asthma and elevated
levels of IgE and eosinophils are major historical and physical factors that contribute but
do not confirm the diagnosis of asthma in children.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
/.12. Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)? - Answer-B
ARDS is a condition that can result from either a direct or indirect pulmonary insult. It is
defined as respiratory failure of acute onset characterized by severe hypoxemia that is
refractory to treatment with supplemental oxygen, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray
imaging, and no evidence of heart failure, as well as decreased pulmonary compliance.
The disorder with reversible airflow limitation is asthma. The disease with viscous
mucus that lines the airways and other organs and tissues is cystic fibrosis. A surfactant
deficiency occurs in RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.13. When assessing for the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), the absence of which condition is considered characteristic? -
Answer-D
ARDS is characterized by progressive respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia refractory
to treatment with supplemental oxygen, decreased pulmonary compliance, bilateral
infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging, and no evidence of heart failure.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.14. Parents bring a 5-year-old to the Emergency Department and report sudden onset
of high fever, drooling, and they describe a "hot potato voice." What action by the
healthcare professional takes priority? - Answer-B
, This child has manifestations of epiglottitis. Inflammation can lead to airway obstruction
rapidly so the main focus of immediate care is securing the airway and keeping the child
calm because agitation can worsen the airway problems. Allow the child to remain on
the parent's lap for all examinations and tests. Examination of the throat in this condition
may trigger laryngospasm and cause respiratory collapse so this is not done. The child
should not be sent out of the department for x-rays as death can occur quickly. After the
child has been stabilized, family members can begin post-exposure prophylaxis with
rifampin.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
/.15. Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? - Answer-C
Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal
expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas,
sweat ducts, and vas deferens. Reversible airflow limitations are seen in asthma.
Severe hypoxemia and diffuse densities seen on x-ray are characteristic of ARDS.
Surfactant deficiency leads to RDS of the newborn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.16. Parents of a child with cystic fibrosis want to know the chance of their next baby
having this disease. What response by the healthcare professional is most accurate? -
Answer-A
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. When two parents each
have the trait (are carriers), each child will have a 25% chance of having normal genes
and being unaffected, a 50% chance of inheriting one of the mutated genes and being a
carrier, and a 25% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from both parents and having
the disease.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.17. What abnormalities lead to the mucus plugging seen in children with cystic fibrosis
(CF)? - Answer-C
Respiratory mucus in CF is dehydrated and viscous because of impaired chloride
secretion and excess sodium absorption. The gut's ability to absorb water is not
affected. The inflammatory response is active in this disease process. Pulmonary
remodeling does lead to chronic hypoxia, but this is not related to mucus plugging.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
/.18. Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most
often occur? - Answer-B
The incidence of SIDS is low during the first month of life but sharply increases in the
second month of life, peaking at 2 to 4 months and is unusual after 6 months of age.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
