TISSUE INTEGRITY ATI FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What happens if the leukocyte count (WBC) is decreased? - ✔✔Delays wound
healing because the immune system's function is to fight infection by destroying
invading pathogens.
✔✔How can Infection affect the healing process? - ✔✔Prolongs healing and can result
in further tissue destruction.
✔✔How can medication affect the healing process? - ✔✔(anti-inflammatory and
antineoplastic): Interferes with the body's ability to respond to and prevent infection.
✔✔How can malnourish affect the healing process? - ✔✔Nutrition that provides energy
and elements for wound healing.
✔✔How can Tissue perfusion affect the healing process? - ✔✔Provides circulation that
delivers nutrients for tissue repair and infection control.
✔✔How can Low Hgb levels affect the healing process? - ✔✔Hgb that is essential for
oxygen delivery to healing tissues.
✔✔How can Obesity affect the healing process? - ✔✔Fatty tissue that lacks blood
supply
✔✔How can Chronic Diseases affect the healing process? - ✔✔Place additional stress
on the body's healing mechanisms. Examples include diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular disorders.
✔✔How can smoking affect the healing process? - ✔✔Impairs oxygenation and clotting
✔✔How can wound stress affect the healing process? - ✔✔Puts pressure on the suture
line and disrupts the wound's healing process. Examples include vomiting or coughing.
✔✔What is a red color wound? - ✔✔Healthy regeneration of tissue (cover)
✔✔What is a yellow color wound? - ✔✔Presence of purulent drainage and slough
(Clean)
✔✔What is a black color wound? - ✔✔Presence of eschar that hinders healing and
requires removal (debride, remove necrotic tissue)
, ✔✔What is Drainage (Exudate)? - ✔✔A result of the healing process and accumulates
during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing. When weighing 1g=1ml
drainiage
✔✔What is serous drainage? - ✔✔The portion of the blood (serum) that is watery and
clear or slightly yellow in appearance (fluid in blisters).
✔✔What is Sanguineous drainage? - ✔✔Contains serum and red blood cells. It is thick
and appears reddish. Brighter drainage indicates active bleeding; darker drainage
indicates older bleeding/drainage.
✔✔What is Serosanguineous drainage? - ✔✔Contains both serum and blood. It is
watery and looks pale and pink due to a mixture of red and clear fluid.
✔✔What is Purulent drainage? - ✔✔The result of infection. It is thick and contains white
blood cells, tissue debris, and bacteria. It may have a foul odor, and its color (yellow,
tan, green, brown) reflects the type of organism present (green for a Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infection).
✔✔What is Purosanguineous? - ✔✔A mixed drainage of pus and blood (newly infected
wound).
✔✔What education should you teach your patient about wound healing? -
✔✔Encourage an intake of at least 2,500 mL/day of fluid from food and beverage
sources if no contraindications (heart and chronic kidney disease). if blood albumin
levels are low (below 3.5 g/dL), because a lack of protein increases the risk for a delay
in wound healing and infection.
✔✔What food helps promote healing? - ✔✔good sources of protein (meat, fish, poultry,
eggs, dairy products, beans, nuts, whole grains). Most adult clients need at least 1,500
kcal/day for nutritional support
✔✔How should you properly clean a heal when wiping? - ✔✔For clean wounds (a
surgical incision), cleanse from the least contaminated (the incision) toward the most
contaminated (the surrounding skin). isotonic solutions remain the preferred cleansing
agents.
✔✔How should you irrigate a wound? - ✔✔use a piston syringe or a sterile straight
catheter for deep wounds with small openings. Apply 5 to 8 psi of pressure. A 30 to 60
mL syringe with a 19-gauge needle provides approximately 8 psi. Use normal saline,
lactated Ringer's, or an antibiotic/antimicrobial solution. Hold the tip 2.5 cm (1 in) above
the wound. Use continuous pressure to flush the wound, repeating the procedure until
the irrigant flowing out of the wound is clear.
✔✔Woven gauze (sponges): - ✔✔Absorbs exudate from the wound
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What happens if the leukocyte count (WBC) is decreased? - ✔✔Delays wound
healing because the immune system's function is to fight infection by destroying
invading pathogens.
✔✔How can Infection affect the healing process? - ✔✔Prolongs healing and can result
in further tissue destruction.
✔✔How can medication affect the healing process? - ✔✔(anti-inflammatory and
antineoplastic): Interferes with the body's ability to respond to and prevent infection.
✔✔How can malnourish affect the healing process? - ✔✔Nutrition that provides energy
and elements for wound healing.
✔✔How can Tissue perfusion affect the healing process? - ✔✔Provides circulation that
delivers nutrients for tissue repair and infection control.
✔✔How can Low Hgb levels affect the healing process? - ✔✔Hgb that is essential for
oxygen delivery to healing tissues.
✔✔How can Obesity affect the healing process? - ✔✔Fatty tissue that lacks blood
supply
✔✔How can Chronic Diseases affect the healing process? - ✔✔Place additional stress
on the body's healing mechanisms. Examples include diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular disorders.
✔✔How can smoking affect the healing process? - ✔✔Impairs oxygenation and clotting
✔✔How can wound stress affect the healing process? - ✔✔Puts pressure on the suture
line and disrupts the wound's healing process. Examples include vomiting or coughing.
✔✔What is a red color wound? - ✔✔Healthy regeneration of tissue (cover)
✔✔What is a yellow color wound? - ✔✔Presence of purulent drainage and slough
(Clean)
✔✔What is a black color wound? - ✔✔Presence of eschar that hinders healing and
requires removal (debride, remove necrotic tissue)
, ✔✔What is Drainage (Exudate)? - ✔✔A result of the healing process and accumulates
during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing. When weighing 1g=1ml
drainiage
✔✔What is serous drainage? - ✔✔The portion of the blood (serum) that is watery and
clear or slightly yellow in appearance (fluid in blisters).
✔✔What is Sanguineous drainage? - ✔✔Contains serum and red blood cells. It is thick
and appears reddish. Brighter drainage indicates active bleeding; darker drainage
indicates older bleeding/drainage.
✔✔What is Serosanguineous drainage? - ✔✔Contains both serum and blood. It is
watery and looks pale and pink due to a mixture of red and clear fluid.
✔✔What is Purulent drainage? - ✔✔The result of infection. It is thick and contains white
blood cells, tissue debris, and bacteria. It may have a foul odor, and its color (yellow,
tan, green, brown) reflects the type of organism present (green for a Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infection).
✔✔What is Purosanguineous? - ✔✔A mixed drainage of pus and blood (newly infected
wound).
✔✔What education should you teach your patient about wound healing? -
✔✔Encourage an intake of at least 2,500 mL/day of fluid from food and beverage
sources if no contraindications (heart and chronic kidney disease). if blood albumin
levels are low (below 3.5 g/dL), because a lack of protein increases the risk for a delay
in wound healing and infection.
✔✔What food helps promote healing? - ✔✔good sources of protein (meat, fish, poultry,
eggs, dairy products, beans, nuts, whole grains). Most adult clients need at least 1,500
kcal/day for nutritional support
✔✔How should you properly clean a heal when wiping? - ✔✔For clean wounds (a
surgical incision), cleanse from the least contaminated (the incision) toward the most
contaminated (the surrounding skin). isotonic solutions remain the preferred cleansing
agents.
✔✔How should you irrigate a wound? - ✔✔use a piston syringe or a sterile straight
catheter for deep wounds with small openings. Apply 5 to 8 psi of pressure. A 30 to 60
mL syringe with a 19-gauge needle provides approximately 8 psi. Use normal saline,
lactated Ringer's, or an antibiotic/antimicrobial solution. Hold the tip 2.5 cm (1 in) above
the wound. Use continuous pressure to flush the wound, repeating the procedure until
the irrigant flowing out of the wound is clear.
✔✔Woven gauze (sponges): - ✔✔Absorbs exudate from the wound
