UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
1. Specificity Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one
antigen (AGN) instead of another.
2. cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar
AGNs“Homolo-
gous AGN/ABY
3. affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized
interac- tion)
4. Avidity Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
5. Agglutination- occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles) AGNs cross-link to
Particu- late AGN + form large, visible lattices
Appropriate ABY Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in microtiter plate
=Clumping
Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
6. Factors affecting EnvironmentTæemperature
lattice formation IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM
ABY) IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD
ABY)
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial
cells & RBCs
7. Direct agglutionation Reactions are easy to perform
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to
obtain semi-quantitative results
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57
,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Target found naturally on particle
2/
57
,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC
involved
8. passive
agglutination AKA Known
indirect or particle ANG
agglutination test unknow
ABY
Carrier
Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of
reactions Latex beads coated with known antigen
Mixed w/ serum (unknown
antibodies) Latex-AGN + serum
9. Reverse passive (ABY)
aggluti- nation
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic
beads,
ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient
specimen) Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates,
synthetic beads
10. Coagulation Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aure
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
11. Agglutination inhibition known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known
AGN
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for
the limited number of ABY sites
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,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
12. Precipitation Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to produce insolubl
complexes which are visible
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57
graded A+ updated
1. Specificity Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one
antigen (AGN) instead of another.
2. cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar
AGNs“Homolo-
gous AGN/ABY
3. affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized
interac- tion)
4. Avidity Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
5. Agglutination- occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles) AGNs cross-link to
Particu- late AGN + form large, visible lattices
Appropriate ABY Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in microtiter plate
=Clumping
Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
6. Factors affecting EnvironmentTæemperature
lattice formation IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM
ABY) IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD
ABY)
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial
cells & RBCs
7. Direct agglutionation Reactions are easy to perform
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to
obtain semi-quantitative results
1/
57
,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Target found naturally on particle
2/
57
,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC
involved
8. passive
agglutination AKA Known
indirect or particle ANG
agglutination test unknow
ABY
Carrier
Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of
reactions Latex beads coated with known antigen
Mixed w/ serum (unknown
antibodies) Latex-AGN + serum
9. Reverse passive (ABY)
aggluti- nation
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic
beads,
ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient
specimen) Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates,
synthetic beads
10. Coagulation Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aure
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
11. Agglutination inhibition known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known
AGN
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for
the limited number of ABY sites
3/
57
,UAMS Immunology Exam 3 questions and answers
graded A+ updated
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
12. Precipitation Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to produce insolubl
complexes which are visible
4/
57
